Dispersive anisotropic ballistic phonon propagation in [100] GaAs

We report experimental observations of the phonon focusing pattern in [100] GaAs using low temperature electron beam scanning for phonon generation. The typical dispersive effects for high-frequency phonons expected from the calculations by Tamura have clearly been observed using PbIn tunnel junctions for phonon detection. The quantitative comparison of our experimental results with the frequency dependent calculations by Tamura allowed to determine the dominant phonon frequencies contributing to the detector signal in our different experiments. Above the temperature of the -point the dominant phonon frequencies appear to be shifted considerably to lower values, which could be explained by a heating effect in the liquid-He layer adjacent to the tunnel junction detector. By comparing the observed magnitude of the detector signal with different theoretical treatments of the detector response, we have found satisfactory agreement for a model where the perturbation due to the high-frequency phonons is restricted to the base electrode of the detector reached first by the phonons following their passage through the crystal.     

The absorption of pulsed CO2-laser radiation by ethylene at total pressures from 25 to 3000 Torr

The absorption of pulsed CO₂-laser radiation by ethylene has been measured at total pressures from 25 to 3000 Torr, using the P(12) and P(14) lines in the 10.6 m band, with incident fluences from 0.1 to 0.7 J/cm². Marked deviations from the Beer-Lambert absorption law were observed, with the effective absorption coefficient varying with pressure, fluence, absorption path-length and the addition of non-absorbing gas. Pressure broadening of the rotational lines of the ethylene absorption spectrum was shown to be the major cause of these deviations, together with lesser effects which can be attributed to the rise in temperature of the absorbing gas during the laser pulse.     

An integrated organic photoconductive detector for optoelectronics

In the system (poly-(N-vinyl carbazole) (PVK): trinitrofluorenone (TNF) a photoconductive complex is formed. Thin metal films are sputtered on BK7 glass substrates, forming two electrodes with 1 mm separation. The photoconductive complex is deposited from a solution in chlorobenzene/tetrahydrofurane on the glass substrate between the electrodes, forming a photoconductive detector. Photoconductivity of these planar detectors is studied using He-Ne laser light (=633 nm) as a function of electric field and for different TNF concentrations. An increase of photosensitivity is found for high TNF concentrations.Time resolution of the photoconductive PVK:TNF detector is investigated using a ruby pulse laser (=694 nm). The possible use of such detectors in combination with other polymer lightguides is demonstrated. Compared to most polymer waveguide materials PVK exhibits a rather high refractive index ofn=1.7. Thus the coupling of light into the photoconductive film is achieved directly. The planar structure allows further integration of polymeric components for optoelectronics.     

Classical Heisenberg antiferromagnets with nearest and next-nearest neighbor interactions on the face-centered cubic lattice: a model for EuTe?

Magnetic properties of the Heisenberg antiferromagnet with spin quantum numberS on the face-centered cubic lattice are studied as function of temperature and magnetic field, using molecular field approximation and Monte Carlo methods. In order to model Europiumtelluride, we use isotropic exchange interactions between nearest- and nextnearest neighbors; the values of these exchange constants are taken from experiments. In addition, a pseudo-dipolar anisotropy (truncated after the next-nearest neighbor distance) is included; the molecular field calculations also are performed with the full dipolar of real EuTe in two respects: the structure in zero magnetic field involves 8 sublattices in the model rather than only two; the bicritical point, above which in the temperatureT magnetic fieldH plane the spin flop phase appears, occurs atH=0 in the model rather than at nonzero field. Possible additional interactions responsible for these discrepancies are discussed. Applying finite size scaling techniques we give also a preliminary analysis of the critical behavior of the model.     

Positron-electron annihilation in the field of a fixed electric dipole

Positron annihilation from a dipole Ps state caused by simultaneous localization of the positron and electron in the field of a fixed electrical dipole is considered. The angular correlation curve of annihilation -quanta is calculated. For a fixed value of dipole moment the half width of the correlation curve decreases with decrease in dipole charge. With increase in dipole moment the correlation curve narrows. In a number of cases the given annihilation mechanism may be responsible for the appearance of the characteristic narrow component in the angular correlation spectrum. This component is usually ascribed to decay of a positronium atom. It is stressed that in interpreting the narrow component one must be careful in choosing the corresponding annihilation mechanism. Experimental results are analyzed.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 8, pp. 74–78, August, 1989.     

Measurement of the photoneutron flux density distribution from cylindrical targets

Measurements are performed of the density of photoneutron fluxes from cylindrical targets of²H₂O (diameter 64 and height 86 mm), Be (outer diameter 70, inner diameter 40, height 100mm), and²³⁸U (diameter 44.5 mm, height 50 mm) under the action of braking radiation from electrons with energies of 4 to 8 MeV in order to determine the effect of target form and orientation relative to the detector upon the recorded photoneutron level. The fluxes were measured by an all-wave neutron detector based on an SNM-11 counter in a paraffin retarder at an angle of 90 to the axis of the braking radiation beam for various target orientations relative to the detector. Measurement results are compared to calculations. Photoneutron fluxes from heavy water and beryllium targets of the indicated dimensions were also measured for angles of 90, 135, and 167. An isotropic nature was noted in the photoneutron fluxes from both targets.Deceased.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 9, pp. 5–9, September, 1989.In conclusion, the authors express their gratitude to V. I. Lunev and B. M. Yakovlev for their assistance in performing the measurements.     

Theory of the singular quantum oscillator

We propose a number of arguments in favor of reevaluating the theory of a quantum oscillator described by the Hamiltonian H=–d²/dx² + 2²x² + x^–2(=2m=1). We propose that functions ₊(x) which continuously reduce to even harmonic oscillator solutions in the 0 limit be taken as the even solutions of the Hamiltonian in the –1/4 < < 3/4 range. In this scheme the problem becomes truly one-dimensional such that even and odd parity energy levels alternate, whereas the usual approach leads to parity degeneracy.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 10, pp. 85–89, October, 1989.     

Determination of mercury in sludge and materials used for HG-eliminations from industrial waste waters by zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry after matrix modification with potassium bromide and bromine

Summary Mercury was determined by Zeeman Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after matrix modification of urine and waste water by addition of 0.1M HNO₃, 0.05M KBr, and 5l Br₂/ml, and after its extraction from sludge, iron sludge and ion exchanger by a mixture containing the same additives. The same samples were also analysed by the cold vapour method after wet oxidation of the samples in closed teflon bombs. The ratio of the corresponding concentrations was 1.21±0.39 (SD) and the concentration range covered 0.1–50000 mg Hg/kg. The analytical powers of both procedures are compared.

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Bestimmung von Quecksilber in Schlamm und in für die Reinigung industrieller Abwässer verwendeten Materialien mit der Zeeman-Atomab-sorptions-Spektrometrie nach Matrixmodifizierung durch Kaliumbromid und Brom

Zusammenfassung Quecksilber wurde mit der Zeeman-Atomabsorptions-Spektroskopie in Urin und Abwässern nach einer Matrixmodifizierung durch Zugabe von 0,1M HNO₃, 0,05M KBr und 5 l Br₂/ml sowie nach seiner Extraktion aus Schlamm, Eisenschlamm und Ionenaustauschern mit einer Mischung der gleichen Zusatzstoffe bestimmt. Die gleichen Proben wurden auch nach der Kalt-Dampf-Methode nach dem Naßaufschluß in geschlossenen Teflonbomben analysiert. Das Verhältnis der betreffenden Konzentrationen betrug 1,21±0,39 (Standardabweichung), wobei der Konzentrationsbereich 0,1–50000 mg Hg/kg umfaßte. Die analytischen Leistungsfähigkeiten der beiden Verfahren wurden verglichen.