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101.
Abstract— Halobacterium mutant strains with defects in the biosynthesis of various pigments have been isolated. One of these strains, mutant ET-15, is incapable of producing the light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin and the carotenoid bacterioruberin. However, ET-15 synthesizes another photochemically active, retinal-containing pigment, P588, which mediates light-induced proton uptake enhanced by uncouplers. P588 and bacteriorhodopsin are simultaneously present in wild-type cells grown under normal conditions; however, they can be distinguished by the following criteria.
- 1 They can be separated by independent mutational events.
- 2 Proton ionophores such as FCCP diminish bacteriorhodopsin-driven proton translocation but enhance P588-mediated proton flows. We define here proton translocations which can be diminished by the addition of uncouplers (e.g. FCCP) as ‘active’, others which can be enhanced by FCCP as ‘passive’.
- 3 The kinetic and spectral properties of the photocycle intermediates of bacteriorhodopsin and P588 are different.
- 4 The action spectrum for photocycling of P588 is red-shifted with respect to that for bacteriorhodopsin.
102.
A general synthesis of 1,2-dialkoxyacenaphthylenes by dehydrogenation of the corresponding acenaphthene derivatives with high potential quinones is described. The new crown ether, 2,3,11,12-bis(1,2-acenaphtho)-[18]crown-6, 1, is obtained by this route. The surprisingly poor complexing ability of 1 is ascribed to electronic and geometrical effects of the acenaphthylene rings as shown by spectroscopic and voltammetric data and the crystal structure of the free ligand 1. 相似文献
103.
Summary We start with a measurem on a measurable space (,A), decomposable with respect to an Archimedeant-conorm on a real interval [0,M], which generalizes an additive measure. Using the integral introduced by the second author, a Radon-Nikodym type theorem, needed in what follows, is given.The integral naturally leads to a -decomposable measurem on the space of all measurable functions from to [0, 1]. The main result of the present paper is the converse of this, namely that, under natural conditions, any -decomposable measurem on can be represented as an integral of a certain Markov-kernelK.
We extend this representation to measures
on which have values in a set of distribution functions.These results generalize the work done by the first author in the case of additive measures. 相似文献
104.
105.
H. Reuther O. Nikolov S. Kruijer R. A. Brand W. Keune D. Liljequist S. Weber S. Scherrer 《Hyperfine Interactions》1994,92(1):1367-1372
-Fe surfaces were implanted with a nominal dose of 5×1017 Al ions/cm2 at 50 keV and a current density of about 3.7 A/cm2. Samples of different shapes and thicknesses have been used in order to test the influence of heat flow from specimen to target holder during implantation. Integral and energy differential (depth-selective)57Fe conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy (CEMS and DCEMS) were employed. The spectra indicated a magnetic phase characterised by a broad hyperfine field distributionP(B
hf), a non-magnetic phase, and -Fe. The relative intensity of the non-magnetic phase was enhanced if the thermal contact during implantation became worse. An energy dependence of DCEM spectra in the L-electron range was observed. Model calculations using L-electron weight functions and experimental concentration profiles obtained by secondary neutral mass spectroscopy (SNMS) yielded fair agreement between calculated and experimental phase signals. The results demonstrate that the non-magnetic Fe-Al alloy phase with high Al concentration is located closer to the surface than the magnetic alloy phase, which extends to much larger depth than expected. 相似文献
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
Michel Weber 《Journal of Theoretical Probability》1996,9(1):105-112
Let (Y,,,T) be an ergodic dynamical system. LetA be an nonempty subset ofL
2() such that
, whereA=sup{||sȒt||2
,s, tA} andN(A, u) is the smallest number ofL
2()-open balls of radiusu, centered inA, enough to coverA. Let
. We prove as a consequence of a more general result, thatC(A) is aGB subset ofL
2(). 相似文献