A modular approach to the synthesis of 1,4,5-substituted-2-aminoimidazoles

Diversified 1,4,5-substituted-2-aminoimidazoles were rapidly assembled via sequential N–H insertion and Grignard addition to α-diazoesters. Lead compounds were identified as antibiotics against Gram-positive bacteria with an MIC value as low as 2 μg/mL.     

On the interpretation of random forces derived by projection operators

We study the derivation of a Langevin equation from a microscopic basis in order to elucidate the nature of the random force. We arrive at the conclusion that the consistent interpretation of the microscopic Langevin equation in terms of a stochastic differential equation (SDE) is according to I o rules. In addition, the random force is in general not Gaussian, and it is hence not completely characterized by its second moments.     

The electrical properties of semiconductor/metal,semiconductor/liquid,and semiconductor/conducting polymer contacts

Critical comparisons are drawn between the basic electrical properties of semiconductor/metal, semiconductor/liquid, and semiconductor/conducting polymer junctions. A theoretical model is developed to describe the basic current-voltage properties of semiconductor contacts, with emphasis on the contrasts between ideal and observed behavior. Using the concepts from this model, the characteristics of a variety of semiconductor contacts are evaluated. The discussion focuses on the following semiconductors: Si, GaAs, InP, and II-VI compounds based on the Cd-(chalcogenide) materials.