Fluoroalkylation of aromatic compounds

Perfluoroalkylation of benzene, halobenzenes, pyridine, furan and thiophene has been accomplished through thermolysis of perfluoroalkyl iodides (CF₃I, n-C₁₀F₂₁I and R_fOR_fI) in the presence of the appropriate aromatic compound. Yields of alkylated products vary depending on temperature, presence of an HI acceptor and reactants ratio. Isomeric mixtures are obtained with halobenzenes, pyridine and thiophene. Furan however yields only the alpha substituted product.     

Synthesis of some benzimidazoles containing 2-perfluoro substituents

A new method is described for the preparation of 2-perfluoroalkylether- benzimidazoles through the N-monoacyl derivatives of o-phenylenediamine. 2-pentafluorophenylbenzimidazole has been obtained by the reaction of o-phenylenediamine and pentafluorobenzoic acid in the presence of polyphosphoric acid. 2-Perfluoroalkylbenzimidazoles have been prepared in excellent yields by direct condensation of o-phenylenediamine with perfluoroalkane- carboxylic acids in the absence of any solvent or added reagent. Some derivatives of these compounds are also described.     

Liquid alkoxides of a perfluorotertiary alcohol and their derivatives

Sodium and lithium alkoxides of (CF₃)₂CFOCF₂CF₂C(CF₃)₂OH have been prepared in high yields by the addition of sodium hydride to the alcohol or in the case of the lithium salt through the addition of (CF₃)₂C=O to the organolithium compound (CF₃)₃CFOCF₂CF₂Li. These salts react with active halides e.g. PCl₃ or cyanuric chloride to yield completely substituted products.     

An immunochemical test for rapid screening of zearalenone and T-2 toxin

An immunochemically based test for non-instrumental simultaneous detection of zearalenone (ZEA) and T-2 toxin (T2) in feed was developed. The method combines clean-up of sample extract, pre-concentration of analytes by immunoextraction and immunodetection through the enzymatic reaction of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The test is housed inside a standard 1-mL solid-phase extraction column and consists of three layers: two test layers (one for ZEA and another for T2) with immobilised specific antibodies and one control layer with bound anti-HRP antibodies. Feed extract was passed through an additional column with clean-up layer, which was disconnected after extract application. Total assay time was about 15 min for six samples and detection time was 4 min after chromogenic substrate application. Under optimised conditions a cut-off level for ZEA and T2 of 100 µg/kg was established. Different feed types were analysed for ZEA and T2 contamination by the proposed method and results were confirmed by LC-MS/MS.