一种新型三角架罗丹明B荧光探针对Cu～（2＋）识别性能研究

设计、合成了一种新颖的三角架结构罗丹明B衍生物（2）.在乙醇-水（8/1,V/V）介质中,用Tris-HCl控制体系pH为6.8,观察到Cu^2＋对化合物2的荧光及紫外-可见吸收增强性能,同时化合物2对Cu^2＋具有较高的选择性响应.选择最大激发和发射波长为557/577nm,测定了探针2（1.00×10^-5mol·L^-1）对Cu^2＋响应的校准曲线,线性范围为0.10～10.00×10^-5mol·L^-1,相关系数R^2=0.9964（n=15）,检出限为1.129×10^-7mol·L^-1,平行测定5次的相对标准偏差（R.S.D.）为2.2%;以557nm为最大吸收波长测定紫外吸收,Cu^2＋响应的浓度线性范围为0.50～25.00×10^-5mol·L^-1,相关系数R^2=0.9948（n=13）,检出限为3.338×10^-7mol·L^-1.     

白酒中二元酸二乙酯的固相微萃取与气相色谱联用快速测定

应用固相微萃取 (SPME)和气相色谱联用 ,以十四醇为内标 ,建立了快速测定豉香型白酒中庚二酸二乙酯、辛二酸二乙酯和壬二酸二乙酯 (统称二元酸二乙酯 )的方法;采用正交设计研究了萃取时间、解吸时间、盐效应等对萃取的影响 ,优化了分析条件 ;该法在0.05～10mg·L -1范围内有良好的线性范围和重复性 ,符合生产控制的要求     

Selective Oxidation of Aldehyde over Hydroxymethyl Group Catalyzed by Gold Nanoparticles in Aqueous Phase

A protocol for selectively oxidizing aldehyde over hydroxymethyl group is developed, using biomass starch protected gold nanoparticles (NPs) as catalyst. The Au NPs show high selectivity that aldehyde is oxidized into carboxylic acid while alcoholic hydroxyl group stays intact in selective oxidation of 4-(hydroxymethyl)-benzaldehyde. The heterogeneous catalysis system is composed of soluble catalysts and insoluble substrate. The gold catalyst is prepared, preserved and applied for catalytic oxidation all in water. After reaction conditions are optimized, H\begin{document}$_2$\end{document}O\begin{document}$_2$\end{document} is found to be the best oxidizing agent with complete conversion. Besides, the gold catalyst displays good versitility for aldehyde derivatives. After reaction completes, organic components are extracted by organic solvent and gold NPs in water are separated and recycled.     

A Sustainable Solid Electrolyte Interphase for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium Metal Batteries Under Practical Conditions

High‐energy‐density Li metal batteries suffer from a short lifespan under practical conditions, such as limited lithium, high loading cathode, and lean electrolytes, owing to the absence of appropriate solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, a sustainable SEI was designed rationally by combining fluorinated co‐solvents with sustained‐release additives for practical challenges. The intrinsic uniformity of SEI and the constant supplements of building blocks of SEI jointly afford to sustainable SEI. Specific spatial distributions and abundant heterogeneous grain boundaries of LiF, LiN_xO_y, and Li₂O effectively regulate uniformity of Li deposition. In a Li metal battery with an ultrathin Li anode (33 μm), a high‐loading LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ cathode (4.4 mAh cm^?2), and lean electrolytes (6.1 g Ah^?1), 83 % of initial capacity retains after 150 cycles. A pouch cell (3.5 Ah) demonstrated a specific energy of 340 Wh kg^?1 for 60 cycles with lean electrolytes (2.3 g Ah^?1).     

A Diffusion‐‐Reaction Competition Mechanism to Tailor Lithium Deposition for Lithium‐Metal Batteries

Lithium metal is recognized as one of the most promising anode materials owing to its ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential. Nonetheless, dendritic Li growth has dramatically hindered the practical applications of Li metal anodes. Realizing spherical Li deposition is an effective approach to avoid Li dendrite growth, but the mechanism of spherical deposition is unknown. Herein, a diffusion‐reaction competition mechanism is proposed to reveal the rationale of different Li deposition morphologies. By controlling the rate‐determining step (diffusion or reaction) of Li deposition, various Li deposition scenarios are realized, in which the diffusion‐controlled process tends to lead to dendritic Li deposition while the reaction‐controlled process leads to spherical Li deposition. This study sheds fresh light on the dendrite‐free Li metal anode and guides to achieve safe batteries to benefit future wireless and fossil‐fuel‐free world.     

A Conjugated Polymer Containing Arylazopyrazole Units in the Side Chains for Field‐Effect Transistors Optically Tunable by Near Infra‐Red Light

Optically tunable field‐effect transistors (FETs) with near infra‐red (NIR) light show promising applications in various areas. Now, arylazopyrazole groups are incorporated in the side chains of a semiconducting donor–acceptor (D‐A) polymer. The cis–trans interconversion of the arylazopyrazole can be controlled by 980 nm and 808 nm NIR light irradiation, by utilizing NaYF₄:Yb,Tm upconversion nanoparticles and the photothermal effect of conjugated D‐A polymers, respectively. This reversible transformation affects the interchain packing of the polymer thin film, which in turn reversibly tunes the semiconducting properties of the FETs by the successive 980 nm and 808 nm light irradiation. The resultant FETs display fast response to NIR light, good resistance to photofatigue, and stability in storage for up to 120 days. These unique features will be useful in future memory and bioelectronic wearable devices.     

金属有机骨架材料-核酸适配体荧光法检测沙门氏菌

基于金属有机骨架材料(Uio-66-NH2)的荧光猝灭特性以及对核酸适配体的吸附性,结合核酸适配体的高亲和力与高特异性识别能力,构建了针对沙门氏菌检测的荧光生物传感器,当有荧光素修饰的沙门氏菌、适配体被材料吸附到表面时,由于材料诱导电子转移猝灭了荧光素的荧光,若溶液中存在沙门氏菌,则沙门氏菌与其适配体特异性结合后从材料表面脱附,材料与荧光素之间的电子转移过程被切断,荧光素的荧光恢复。基于此原理构建的荧光传感器的信号与沙门氏菌浓度的对数在101~105cfu/m L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为7 cfu/m L,将该方法用于虾肉样品中沙门氏菌的检测,加标回收率为90.0%~108.0%,该传感器对沙门氏菌有较好的选择性与灵敏度。     

含磷/氮/硫环交联磷腈微纳米管的合成及对环氧树脂的阻燃作用

采用原位模板法,以六氯环三磷腈(HCCP)和二羟基二苯砜(BPS)为原料合成了一种环状交联型不溶不熔的磷腈大分子——聚环三磷腈-二羟基二苯砜(PZS)微纳米管,研究了PZS对环氧树脂(EP)的阻燃作用及阻燃机理.利用红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)对PZS微纳米管进行了表征;采用热重分析(TG)考察了EP/PZS阻燃材料的热稳定性,并通过极限氧指数(LOI)和微型量热分析(MCC)测试了EP/PZS的阻燃性能.热降解实验结果表明,PZS微纳米管的加入使环氧树脂热降解温度降低,但残炭率显著提高.PZS微纳米管可以显著提高环氧树脂的阻燃性能,当阻燃剂添加量为5%时,环氧树脂的残炭率提高了46%,热释放速率峰值降低了约40%;LOI值从纯环氧树脂的26.0%提高到了30.6%.PZS微纳米管的加入还增强了环氧树脂的力学强度.阻燃性能的显著提高和力学性能的改善归因于PZS微纳米管在环氧树脂基体中的良好分散,以及燃烧炭化过程中生成的石墨化程度较高的类石墨烯结构的残炭,具有较高的抗氧化能力.研究结果表明,PZS微纳米管是一种优良、高效的具有潜在应用价值的阻燃剂.     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法快速测定婴幼儿奶粉中5种黄曲霉毒素含量

建立QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)快速测定婴幼儿奶粉中5种黄曲霉毒素的方法.样品采用QuEChERS法提取之后,使用分散式固相萃取管(EMR-Lipid dSPE)进行净化,选择ACQUITY BEN C18色谱柱(1.7μm,2.1 mm×100 mm)分离,多反应监测采集模式(M...     

复叠系统低温级制冷剂的循环性能对比实验

通过实验测试,比较了不同冷凝温度和蒸发温度下复叠系统低温级常用制冷工质R13、R23、R503和RS08B的COP、压比及制冷量等循环性能,又结合各制冷工质的环境性能、热工性能,分析了现有常用复叠系统低温级制冷工质各自的优缺点,为新工质的开发及进一步的制冷性能对比实验工作提供了有益的帮助.