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41.
42.
This paper presents a simulated annealing algorithm for resource constrained project scheduling problems with the objective of minimising makespan. In the search algorithm, a solution is represented with a priority list, a vector of numbers each of which denotes the priority of each activity. In the algorithm, a priority scheduling method is used for making a complete schedule from a given priority list (and hence a project schedule is defined by a priority list). The search algorithm is applied to find a priority list which corresponds to a good project schedule. Unlike most of priority scheduling methods, in the suggested algorithm some activities are delayed on purpose so as to extend search space. Solutions can be further improved by delaying certain activities, since non-delay schedules are not dominant in the problem (the set of non-delay schedules does not always include an optimal solution). The suggested algorithm is flexible in that it can be easily applied to problems with an objective function of a general form and/or complex constraints. The performance of the simulated annealing algorithm is compared with existing heuristics on problems prepared by Patterson and randomly generated test problems. Computational results showed that the suggested algorithm outperformed existing ones. 相似文献
43.
The viscoelastic behavior of carbon-black-filled rubber under small oscillatory loads superimposed on large static deformation
is dealt with. In this class of problems, as the strain amplitudes of the load increase, the dynamic stiffness decreases,
and this phenomenon is known as the Payne effect. Besides the effects of the static deformation and the frequencies of the
superimposed dynamic load, the Payne effect is considered in this study. Influence factors are introduced in this model in
order to consider the influence of static predeformation, the dynamic-strain-dependent properties, and frequency-dependent
properties. For simplicity, separation of the three dominant variables, frequency, prestatic deformation, and dynamic amplitude
of strain, is assumed. The Kraus model is used for describing the Payne effect. Dynamic tension tests are executed to obtain
the model parameters and also for the verification of the proposed model. The suggested constitutive equation shows reasonable
agreement with test data. 相似文献
44.
45.
Three different analytical solutions are presented for a potential vortex ring using three different streamfunctions. Verification studies confirm that all three approaches are valid. It is found that the solution obtained using the Biot–Savart law is the most efficient method due to its simplicity. It is shown that all analytical results are accurate to within machine accuracy and sample calculations are included. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
46.
Practical and efficient catalytic asymmetric allylic transfer reactions of tin reagents promoted by BINOL-Ti[OCH(CF3)2]2 complex by the utilization of t-BuSBEt2 are successful with a variety of functionalized aldehydes containing ketone, aldehyde, ester, amide, or carbamoyl functionality and affords products in high levels of enantioselectivity. 相似文献
47.
Reduction of dislocation density and improvement of optical quality in ZnO layers by MgO-buffer annealing 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hiroki Goto Hisao Makino Agus Setiawan Takuma Suzuki Chihiro Harada Tsutomu Minegishi Meoung-Whan Cho Takafumi Yao 《Current Applied Physics》2004,4(6):637-639
Optical properties of ZnO thin films with/without MgO-buffer annealing were investigated by low and room temperature photoluminescence measurements. The ZnO films were grown on c-sapphire substrates by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy employing a thin MgO-buffer layer. Dislocation density of ZnO layer was reduced from 5.3 × 109 to 1.9 × 109 cm−2 by annealing MgO-buffer prior to the growth of ZnO. The intensity of free exciton emission from the sample with MgO-buffer annealing was almost twice of that from the sample without annealing, while the deep level emission from the sample with MgO-buffer annealing was about 1/3 of that without annealing. The MgO-buffer annealing improves optical quality of overgrown ZnO films. 相似文献
48.
J. Y. Lee J. H. Chang M. Yang H. S. Ahn S. N. Yi K. Goto K. Godo H. Makino M. W. Cho T. Yao J. S. Song 《Current Applied Physics》2004,4(6):611-614
Luminescence properties of CdTe/ZnSe fractional monolayer grown by atomic layer epitaxy have been investigated. To investigate the origin of the highly efficient luminescence, various optical spectroscopic methods such as, photoluminescence (PL), temporal/spatial resolved PL, temperature dependence PL, and excitation power dependence PL have been used. It is found that structural inhomogeneities affect dominant influence on the line width and line shape of luminescence. The luminescence intensity greatly enhanced by the localization of exciton at the disorder induced localized states. 相似文献
49.
Jungho Yoon 《Applied mathematics and computation》2004,150(3):875-887
In this paper, we consider approximation to derivatives of a function by using radial basis function interpolation. Most of well-known theories for this problem provide error analysis in terms of the so-called native space, say Cφ. However, if a basis function φ is smooth, the space Cφ is extremely small. Thus, the purpose of this study is to extend this result to functions in the homogenous Sobolev space. 相似文献
50.
B. Y. Myung J. S. Kim J. J. Kim T. H. Yoon 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2003,41(21):3361-3374
2,2‐Bis[4(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]phthalein‐3′,5′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)anilide (6FADAP), containing fluorine and phthalimide moieties, was synthesized via the Williamson ether condensation reaction from 1‐chloro‐4‐nitrobenzene and phenolphthalein‐3′,5′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)anilide, which was followed by hydrogenation. Monomers such as 2,2‐bis[4(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]phthalein‐anilide containing phthalimide groups and 2,2‐bis[4(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]phthalein containing only phthalein moieties were also synthesized for comparison. The monomers were first characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H NMR, 19F NMR, elemental analysis, and titration and were then used to prepare polyimides with 2,2‐bis(3,4‐dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride. The polyimides were designed to have molecular weights of 20,000 g/mol via off‐stoichiometry and were characterized by FTIR, NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Their solubility, water absorption, dielectric constant, and refractive index were also evaluated. The polyimides prepared with 6FADAP, containing fluorine and phthalimide moieties, had excellent solubility in N‐methylpyrrolidinone, N,N‐dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran, CHCl3, tetrachloroethane, and acetone, and GPC analysis showed a molecular weight of 18,700 g/mol. The polyimides also exhibited a high glass‐transition temperature (290 °C), good thermal stability (~500 °C in air), low water absorption (1.9 wt %), a low dielectric constant (2.81), a low refractive index, and low birefringence (0.0041). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3361–3374, 2003 相似文献