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101.
102.
103.
Hun Ho Park Junseong Park Hye Joung Cho Jin-Kyoung Shim Ju Hyung Moon Eui Hyun Kim Jong Hee Chang Soo Youl Kim Seok-Gu Kang 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(2)
Resident cancer cells with stem cell-like features induce drug tolerance, facilitating survival of glioblastoma (GBM). We previously showed that strategies targeting tumor bioenergetics present a novel emerging avenue for treatment of GBM. The objective of this study was to enhance the therapeutic effects of dual inhibition of tumor bioenergetics by combination of gossypol, an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, and phenformin, a biguanide compound that depletes oxidative phosphorylation, with the chemotherapeutic drug, temozolomide (TMZ), to block proliferation, stemness, and invasiveness of GBM tumorspheres (TSs). Combination therapy with gossypol, phenformin, and TMZ induced a significant reduction in ATP levels, cell viability, stemness, and invasiveness compared to TMZ monotherapy and dual therapy with gossypol and phenformin. Analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed up-regulation of genes involved in programmed cell death, autophagy, and protein metabolism and down-regulation of those associated with cell metabolism, cycle, and adhesion. Combination of TMZ with dual inhibitors of tumor bioenergetics may, therefore, present an effective strategy against GBM by enhancing therapeutic effects through multiple mechanisms of action. 相似文献
104.
Hidetsura Cho Yoshiko Ohnaka Mariko Hayashimatsu Masaru Ueda Keiyuu Shima 《Tetrahedron letters》1986,27(52):6377-6380
Chlorination of 5,6-dihydropyrimidine-4-(3H)-one derivatives (1) with POCl3 gave 1,4(3,4)-dihydropyrimidines (3), whose alkoxycarbonylation (ClCOOREt3N or NaH) afforded regioselectively novel compounds (4). A new Pummerer
rearrangement of compound (1, X=
---S(O)CH3) with
3, gave compound (5h). 相似文献
105.
The decarboxylation kinetics of 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid have been studied in 0.1–8 N aqueous HCl at 50°. At low HCl concentrations, the observed first order rate constant, k, increases with increasing acidity of the solution. In solutions with 3.5–6 N HCl, k remains constant. The D2O solvent isotope effect decreases from kH2O/kD2O = 2.0 in 1N HCl to 1.3 in 5 N HCl, and it remains unchanged at 1.3 if the HCl concentration is increased further to 8 N. It is concluded that an increase of the acidity of the solution causes a change of the rate determining step from slow proton transfer to rate limiting C? C bond cleavage. 相似文献
106.
A molecular basket with four cholate units assembled on a cone-shaped calix[4]arene assumed reversed micelle-like conformation in 5% methanol/carbon tetrachloride. The inwardly facing hydroxyl groups on the cholates concentrated the polar solvent from the mostly nonpolar mixture. Methanolysis of alkyl halides benefited from the concentrated pocket of methanol if the substrate was capable of entering the basket. Substrates that were too large or too hydrophobic to fit within the basket showed no rate acceleration. 相似文献
107.
Huffer DM Chang HF Cho BP Zhang LK Chiarelli MP 《Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry》2001,12(4):376-380
The product ion formation characteristics of the four diastereomeric tetrahydroxy benzo[ghi]fluoranthene compounds formed by hydrolysis of the syn and anti diastereomers of trans-3,4-dihydroxy-5,5a-epoxy-3,4,5,5a-tetrahydrobenzo[ghi]fluoranthene are studied using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and post-source decay (PSD) to determine a correlation between the fragmentation characteristics of these tetraols and the structures of the diol-epoxide diastereomers from which they are hydrolyzed. The tetraols formed by the trans ring opening of the diol epoxides during hydrolysis yield product ion spectra specific for the syn and anti configurations of their precursor diol epoxides. All four diastereomeric tetraols form product ions by the losses of one and/or two water molecules in varying proportions when lithium-cationized molecule ions (m/z 301) are selected for PSD product ion analysis. The differences in the PSD spectra of these four Li+-cationized molecules are rationalized in terms of a water loss mechanism that involves the 1,2 elimination of a hydrogen atom and hydroxyl group that are cis with respect to each other on adjacent carbons. 相似文献
108.
Yoon-Kyoung Cho Ali Dhinojwala Steve Granick 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1997,35(17):2961-2968
We study the drainage of a near-theta solvent through densely grafted polymer layers and compare to recent notions that these layers display little permeability to solvent flow at surface separations less than a “hydrodynamic thickness.” The solvent is trans-decalin (a near-theta solvent at the experimental temperature of 24°C). The polymer is polystyrene (PS) end-attached to two opposed mica surfaces via the selective adsorption of the polyvinylpyridine (PVP) block of a PS-PVP diblock copolymer. The experimental probe was a surface forces apparatus modified to apply small-amplitude oscillatory displacements in the normal direction. Out-of-phase responses reflected viscous flow of solvent alone—the PS chains did not appear to contribute to dissipation over the oscillation frequencies studied. The value of the hydrodynamic thickness (RH) was less than the coil thickness (Lo) measured independently from the onset of surface–surface interactions in the force-distance profile, implying significant penetration of the velocity field into the polymer layer. As the surface–surface separation was reduced from 3Lo to 0.3Lo, the apparent hydrodynamic thickness (R) decreased monotonically to values R ≪ RH. Physically, this indicates that the “slip plane” moved progressively closer to the solid surfaces with decreasing surface–surface separation. This was accompanied by augmentation of the effective viscosity by a factor of up to approximately 5, indicating somewhat diminished permeability of solvent through the overlapping polymer layers. Similar results hold for the flow through surface-anchored polymers in a good solvent. It is interesting to note the strong stretching of densely end-grafted polymers in a theta solvent. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 2961–2968, 1997 相似文献
109.
Young Chul Kim Jun Young Lee Dong Young Kim Hyun Nam Cho Chung Yup Kim 《Macromolecular Symposia》1997,118(1):461-466
The optical transmittance of the film spin-cast from the polypyrrole(PPy) solution in chloroform depended on the thickness of the film. The film with 80% transmittance showed a surface resistivity of 23kΩ/□. A TN-LCD cell with rubbed PPy films as the LC alignment layers responded properly to an applied potential of 3.0V. Reflective mode cholesteric LCD cells made with black PPy film electrodes responded to AC fields to switch between the planar and focal conic states. PPy with imine structures introduced by deprotonation of doped PPy with NaOH solution was used as a diode material to exhibit a photo-current on exposing to light. 相似文献
110.
H. C. Eun Y. Z. Cho H. S. Park I. T. Kim H. S. Lee 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2012,292(2):531-535
In this paper, a separation method of radionuclides (Ba, Sr) from LiCl salt wastes generated from the electroreduction process
of spent nuclear fuel was studied to recover pure LiCl salts and reduce radioactive wastes. The method consisted of chemical
conversion process of BaCl2 and SrCl2 in LiCl molten salts by using lithium compounds and vacuum distillation process of LiCl salts. In the chemical conversion,
BaCl2 and SrCl2 in LiCl molten salts were mainly converted into (Ba,Sr)CO3 or (Ba,Sr)SO4. Contents of Ba and Sr in LiCl salts recovered from the vacuum distillation process were equal to about 0.01 of initial concentrations
of Ba and Sr in LiCl molten salts. These results will be utilized to recycle the LiCl salt wastes. 相似文献