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51.
Hideya Kawasaki Naoyuki Takahashi Hiroki Fujimori Kouji Okumura Takehiro Watanabe Chisato Matsumura Syusuke Takemine Takeshi Nakano Ryuichi Arakawa 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》2009,23(20):3323-3332
The pyrolytic highly oriented graphite polymer film (PGS) was first employed to analyze low‐mass analytes in environmental analysis by surface‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI‐MS). PGS is a synthetic uniform and highly oriented graphite polymer film with high thermal anisotropic conductivity. We have found that negative ion mode SALDI‐MS using oxidized PGS (PGS‐SALDI‐MS) can be used to detect [M–H]? ions from perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and other perfluoroalkylcarboxylic acids when the PGS surface is modified with the cationic polymer polyethyleneimine (PEI). The signal intensity of PFOA when employing the PEI modification showed a ten‐fold increase over that obtained from desorption/ionization on porous silicon (DIOS). PFOA was quantified using PGS‐SALDI‐MS and the calibration curve showed a wide linear dynamic range of response (20–1000 ppb). The combination of atmospheric pressure ionization and PGS (AP‐PGS‐SALDI) showed greater signal intensity than vacuum PGS‐SALDI for deprotonated PFOA. Several other environmentally important chemicals, including perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid, pentachlorophenol, bisphenol A, 4‐hydroxy‐2‐chlorobiphenyl, and benzo[a]pyrene, were also successfully used to evaluate PGS‐SALDI‐MS. In addition, we found that nonafluoro‐1‐butanesulfonic acid was able to produce protonated peptides in positive ion PGS‐SALDI‐MS, but that perfluoropentanoic acid and trifluoroacetic acid were not. It is suggested that perfluoroalkylsulfonic acids are better protonating agents than perfluoroalkylcarboxylic acids in SALDI‐MS. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
52.
Aragonite twinning in gastropod nacre 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hiroki Mukai Kazuko Saruwatari Hiromichi Nagasawa Toshihiro Kogure 《Journal of Crystal Growth》2010,312(20):3014-3019
Aragonite twinning in gastropod nacre has been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with the focused ion beam (FIB) sample preparation technique. At the growth front of nacre, Haliotis discus hannai and Omphalius rusticus form a “stack-of-coins” structures, which consist of pseudo-hexagonal and elliptical aragonite tablets, respectively. SEM, EBSD, and TEM analyses revealed that these tablets are monolithic single crystal and almost free of the {1 1 0} twins that are common in aragonite of biotic or abiotic origin. The longest diagonal of the hexagon and the longer axis of the ellipse are parallel to the a-axis of aragonite. The crystal orientation of each tablet in a stack, measured by TEM-Kikuchi pattern analysis, is almost the same but there is occasionally {1 1 0} twin-like relationship between adjacent tablets along the stacking. On the other hand, the fibrous aragonite layer formed prior to the nacreous structure is composed of polycrystalline aragonite with high density of {1 1 0} twins. TEM observation suggests that the interlamellar organic sheet prevents the inheritance of the twins, by selecting only single domain of the twins, through the mineral bridge. 相似文献
53.
T. Shizuma M. Kidera E. Ideguchi A. Odahara H. Tomura S. Suematsu T. Kuroyanagi Y. Gono S. Mitarai J. Mukai T. Komatsubara K. Furuno K. Heiguchi 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1994,348(1):25-29
Theβ + decay of86Mo has been firstly investigated by means ofβγ spectroscopy. The86Mo nuclei were produced by fusion-evaporation reactions of54 Fe (35Cl, 1 p2n) and58Ni (32S,2p 2n) at beam energies of 103 and 120 MeV, respectively. Threeγ rays of 47.3, 49.8 and 187.0 keV were unambiguously identified to follow theβ + decay of86Mo by results ofXγ andβγ coincidence and cross-bombardment. A half life and a maximumβ +-ray energy of86Mo were determined to be 19.6±1.1 s and 3.9±0.4 MeV, respectively. A decay scheme of86Mo is proposed in this article. Furthermore, a decay of86Nb has been studied using the same combinations of projectiles and targets, and a newβ-decaying isomer86m Nb was observed with a half life of 56.3±8.3 s. 相似文献
54.
A sensitive method is described for the determination of mono-, di- and tri-methylarsenic compounds in airborne particulate matter by hydride-generation and gas-liquid chromatography with atomic absorption spectrometric detection. Interferences of various species are discussed. Absolute detection limits are 70, 80 and 100 pg As, respectively for the mono-, di- and tri-methylarsenic species. Recoveries of methylarsenic compounds added to airborne particulate matter are almost 100%. An iron/nitrate mixture interfered strongly but this was overcome by adding EDTA. 相似文献
55.
56.
This paper presents a quadratically converging algorithm for unconstrained minimization. All the accumulation points that it constructs satisfy second-order necessary conditions of optimality. Thus, it avoids second-order saddle andinflection points, an essential feature for a method to be used in minimizing the modified Lagrangians in multiplier methods.The work of the first author was supported by NSF RANN AEN 73-07732-A02 and JSEP Contract No. F44620-71-C-0087; the work of the second author was supported by NSF Grant No. GK-37672 and the ARO Contract No. DAHCO4-730C-0025. 相似文献
57.
The reduction of Chandrasekhar's planetary problem to the standard problem has been made by several authors (cf. Chandrasekhar(1); Sobolev;(2)Van de Hulst;(3)Coulsonet al.; (4)Ueno; (5)Kagiwada and Kalaba;(6). However, the diffuse reflection and transmission problem in a finite anisotropically scattering atmosphere bounded by a specular reflector has not been reduced to the standard problem. In the present paper, starting with an integral equation governing the source function for Chandrasekhar's planetary problem in the case of a specular reflector, we show how to express the required scattering and transmission functions in terms of the Chandrasekhar's scattering and transmission functions. So far as we know, the reduction formulae are new. They will be useful for the numerical study of Chandrasekhar's planetary problem in the case of a specular reflector with the aid of high-speed digital computer. 相似文献
58.
Takashi Toda Norihiko Shimazaki Toshio Mukai Chizuko Kabuto 《Tetrahedron letters》1980,21(41):4001-4004
The structure of a minor dimer () of 1-arylcycloheptatrienylidenethylene was determined by X-ray crystallography. Dehydration of and gave novel non-benzenoid aromatics---6,12-diarylazuleno[1,2-b]azulenes ( and ), whose electronic and NMR spectral properties were reported. 相似文献
59.
60.
Ken-ichi Kanno Shun-ichi Naoe Seiji Mukai Yoshio Nakai Takeshi Miyanaga 《Solid State Communications》1973,13(9):1325-1328
The absorption spectra of CdCl2 and CdBr2 single crystals doped with cuprous or cupric halides were measured. Optical bleaching of the absorption bands due to Cu+ gives rise to new absorption bands which suggest the conversion of Cu+→Cu2+. This was confirmed also by detecting the growth in ESR signals characteristic of Cu2+ centers. 相似文献