Effect of phenols and carboxylic acids on photochromism of 1-alkyl-2-(arylazo)imidazoles

Light irradiated trans-to-cis isomerization of 1-alkyl-2-(arylazo)imidazole in the presence of phenol, catechol, benzoic acid and salicylic acid (called co-factors) has been studied in this work. The rate of trans→cis photoisomerization is decreased in the presence of co-factor in the medium and is dependent on the concentration of active quotient about photochrome. The decrease in rate follows catechol>benzoic acid>phenol>salicylic acid. This trend is due to the effects of dissociation ability of –O–H/–COOH, intermolecular association of the molecules etc. The reverse change, cis-to-trans, is very slow in light irradiation and has been carried out by a thermal process in the dark. The quantum yield of isomerization follows the same sequence of effects of co-factors.     

Direct spectrophotometric analysis of low level Pu(III) in Pu(IV) nitrate of Pu precipitation process feed solution

To achieve end user’s specified PuO₂, controlling and monitoring of Pu in its fourth valency state is essential prior to the conversion of Pu-nitrate to its oxide through oxalate precipitation process. Conventional radiometric procedure for the analysis of Pu oxidation state in Pu-nitrate solution containing trace level of Pu(III) has limitation due to oxidation of Pu(III) during the sample preparation with respect to acidity. A simple direct spectrophotometry using an optic fiber spectrophotometer was attempted for the estimation of trace level of Pu(III), after separating the bulk amount of Pu(IV) by maintaining the sample acidity. By using a synergistic mixture of 30 % TBP and 1 M theonyl trifluoro acetone in benzene, the Pu(IV) could be removed to a level which doesn’t interfere in the Pu(III) absorption.     

Efficient catalytic cyclizations of three and two imine assemblies: direct access to tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-c]imidazol-7-ones and imidazoles

A cascade cyclization involving union of three imines by an organocatalyst proline is established to afford new fused-tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-c]imidazol-7-ones with excellent regio- and stereoselectivity. Another dehydrogenative cyclization by union of two imines is developed using the Cu(OTf)(2)-Ag(2)O combo catalyst to furnish functionalized imidazoles.     

Growth of carbon nanofibers on aligned zinc oxide nanorods and their field emission properties

Carbon nanofibers were grown by electrodeposition technique onto aligned zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods deposited by hybrid wet chemical route on glass substrates. X-ray diffraction traces indicated very strong peak for reflections from (0 0 2) planes of ZnO. The Raman spectra were dominated by the presence of G band at about 1597 cm⁻¹ corresponding to the E_2g tangential stretching mode of an ordered graphitic structure with sp² hybridization and a D band at about 1350 cm⁻¹ originating from disordered carbon. Fourier transformed infrared studies indicated the presence of a distinct characteristic absorption peak at ∼511 cm⁻¹ for Zn-O stretching mode. Photoluminescence spectra indicated band edge luminescence of ZnO at ∼3.146 eV along with a low intensity peak at ∼0.877 eV arising out of carbon nanofibers. Field emission properties of these films and their dependence on the CNF coverage on ZnO nanorods are reported here. The average field enhancement factor as determined from the slope of the FN plot was found to vary between 1 × 10³ and 3 × 10³. Both the values of turn-on field and threshold field for CNF/ZnO were lower than pure ZnO nanorods.     

One-Pot,Three-Component Cycloaddition of Nonstabilized Azomethine Ylides to β-Nitrostyrene,a Highly Electron Deficient Dipolarophile

A facile route to tetra-substituted pyrrolidines has been accomplished by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. Several pyrrolidine compounds have significant biological activity. A highly electron-deficient dipolarophile, β-nitrostyrene, was reacted with nonstabilized azomethine ylides derived from aryl aldehyde and L-phenylglycine in dry dimethyl formanide. The structures and stereochemistry of the cycloadducts were established by infrared, NMR spectroscopy, and single-crystal x-ray crystallographic analyses.     

All-optical reconfigurable logic operations with the help of terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer

An all-optical reconfigurable logic operation essentially constitutes a key technology for avoiding complex and speed limited optoelectronics conversions and performing various processing tasks. All-optical reconfigurable logic operations with the help of terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD) is proposed and described. The paper describes the all-optical reconfigurable logic operations using a set of all-optical multiplexer and optical switches. We have tried to exploit the advantages of TOAD-based switch to design an integrated all-optical circuit which can perform the different logic operations AND, XOR, NOR and NOT. Numerical simulation confirming described methods is given in this paper.     

All-optical prefix tree adder with the help of terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer

We propose and describe an all-optical prefix tree adder with the help of a terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD) using a set of optical switches. The prefix tree adder is useful in compound adder implementation. It is preferred over the ripple carry adder and the carry lookahead adder. We also describe the principle and possibilities of the all-optical prefix tree adder. The theoretical model is presented and verified through numerical simulation. The new method promises higher processing speed and accuracy. The model can be extended for studying more complex all-optical circuits of enhanced functionality in which the prefix tree adder is the basic building block.