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81.
Experiments have been carried out to determine heat transfer rates from a continuously moving belt to an air jet impinging normally. The parameters that were varied included the jet velocity (4 < VN < 40 m/s), the jet width (4.8 < B < 19 mm), the nozzle-to-plate distance (3 < H/2B < 11) and the belt speed (0. 15 < VB < 5. 5 m/s). An infrared thermometer was used for the measurement of temperature of the moving belt. The average heat transfer coefficients increase with belt speed steeply initially to a maximum value and then remain almost constant for all higher belt speeds. The maximum heat transfer coefficients are about 1.5 to 2.0 times higher than those predicted for the stationary surface. The present data on continuously surface in still air and in impinging jet flow are well compared with the data on rotating cylinders reported in the literature.
Nomenclature A Heat transfer area - B Width of the nozzle - D Diameter of the cylinder or equivalent diameter of the flat surface (D=L/) - k Thermal conductivity - Gr Grashof number - h Heat transfer coefficient - H Height of the nozzle from the surface - i Number of nozzles - L Heat transfer length of a flat surface - NuD Nusselt number hD/k - ReDB Belt Reynoldsnumber, DVB/ - ReDN Nozzle Reynolds number, DVN/ - ReSN Nozzle Reynolds number, SVN/ - S Hydraulic diameter of the nozzle, 2B - VB Belt velocity or circumferential velocity of a cylinder - VN Nozzle celocity - Kinematic viscosity 相似文献
Wärmeübergang zwischen einem senkrecht auftreffenden Strahl und einer bewegten Oberfläche
Zusammenfassung Experimentell bestimmte Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten für Düsengeschwindigkeiten zwischen 4 m/s und 40 m/s, sowie Düsenbreiten zwischen 4,8 mm und 19 mm lagen bei Bandgeschwindigkeiten zwischen 0, 15 m/s bis 5, 5 m/s ca. 50 % bis 100 % höher als bei unbewegtem Band. Die gemessenen Daten bei bewegtem wie bei unbewegtem Band schließen gut an bekannte Werte aus der Literatur an.
Nomenclature A Heat transfer area - B Width of the nozzle - D Diameter of the cylinder or equivalent diameter of the flat surface (D=L/) - k Thermal conductivity - Gr Grashof number - h Heat transfer coefficient - H Height of the nozzle from the surface - i Number of nozzles - L Heat transfer length of a flat surface - NuD Nusselt number hD/k - ReDB Belt Reynoldsnumber, DVB/ - ReDN Nozzle Reynolds number, DVN/ - ReSN Nozzle Reynolds number, SVN/ - S Hydraulic diameter of the nozzle, 2B - VB Belt velocity or circumferential velocity of a cylinder - VN Nozzle celocity - Kinematic viscosity 相似文献
82.
A new bis-andrographolide ether from Andrographis paniculata nees and evaluation of anti-HIV activity 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Reddy VL Reddy SM Ravikanth V Krishnaiah P Goud TV Rao TP Ram TS Gonnade RG Bhadbhade M Venkateswarlu Y 《Natural product research》2005,19(3):223-230
Novel bis-andrographolide ether (1) and six known compounds andrographolide, 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, andrograpanin, 14-deoxyandrographolide, (+/-)-5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavanone, and 5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone have been isolated from the aerial parts of Andrographis paniculata and their structures were established by spectral data. All the isolates were tested for the anti-HIV and cytotoxic activity. 相似文献
83.
Ahyi AC Cao H Raju PK Uberall H 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2005,118(1):124-128
We consider evacuated thin semi-infinite shells immersed in a fluid, which may be either of cylindrical shape with a hemispherical shell endcap, or formed two-dimensionally by semi-infinite parallel plates joined together by a semi-cylinder. The connected shell portions are joined in a manner to satisfy continuity but with a discontinuous radius of curvature. Acoustic waves are considered incident along the axis of symmetry (say the z axis) onto the curved portion of the shell, where they, at the critical angle of coincidence, generate Lamb and Stoneley-type waves in the shell. Computations were carried out using a code developed by Cao et al. [Chinese J. Acoust. 14, 317 (1995)] and was used in order to computationally visualize the waves in the fluid that have been re-radiated by the shell waves a the critical angle. The frequency range was below that of the lowest Lamb wave, and only the A0 wave (and partly the S0 wave) was observed to re-radiate into the fluid under our assumptions. The results will be compared to experimental results in which the re-radiated waves are optically visualized by the Schardin-Cranz schlieren method. 相似文献
84.
85.
Siva R.?Athreya Antal A.?JáraiEmail author 《Communications in Mathematical Physics》2004,249(1):197-213
We study the stationary distribution of the standard Abelian sandpile model in the box Λn = [-n, n]
d
∩ ℤ
d
for d≥ 2. We show that as n→ ∞, the finite volume stationary distributions weakly converge to a translation invariant measure on allowed sandpile configurations
in ℤ
d
. This allows us to define infinite volume versions of the avalanche-size distribution and related quantities. The proof is
based on a mapping of the sandpile model to the uniform spanning tree due to Majumdar and Dhar, and the existence of the wired
uniform spanning forest measure on ℤ
d
. In the case d > 4, we also make use of Wilson’s method.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
86.
[reaction: see text] A new synthetic procedure for aminohalogenation of olefins has been developed for the preparation of vicinal haloamine derivatives in high yields by using Cu, Mn, or V catalysts with p-toluenesulfonamide (TsNH(2)) and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) as nitrogen and bromine sources, respectively. Unprecedented regio- and stereoselectivity (anti:syn > 99:1) toward the aminohalogenation process is shown for olefinic substrates as well as transition metal catalysts. 相似文献
87.
An effort has been made for obtaining the anharmonic properties of rocksalt structure solids starting from primary physical parameters viz. nearest-neighbor distance and hardness parameter assuming long- and short-range potentials at elevated temperatures. The elastic energy density for a deformed crystal can be expanded as power series of strains for obtaining coefficients of quadratic, cubic and quartic terms which are known as the second-, third- and fourth-order elastic constants, respectively. When the values of the higher-order elastic constants are known for a crystal, many of the anharmonic properties of the crystal can be treated within the limit of the continuum approximation in a quantitative manner. In this study, higher-order elastic constants are computed up to their melting temperature for rocksalt structure solids, which are alkali cyanides, sodium and potassium halides. The first order pressure derivatives of second- and third-order elastic constants, the second-order pressure derivatives of second-order elastic constants and partial contractions are also evaluated at different temperatures for these substances. The results thus obtained are compared with experimental data and found in well agreement with present values. 相似文献
88.
B.V. Subba Reddy A. Siva KrishnaA.V. Ganesh G.G.K.S. Narayana Kumar 《Tetrahedron letters》2011,52(12):1359-1362
The three component, one-pot synthesis of α-aminophosphonates has been achieved using super magnetic nano iron oxide at 50 °C under solvent-free conditions in excellent yields. The major advantages of the present method are high yields, short reaction times, magnetically recyclable catalyst, and solvent-free reaction conditions. 相似文献
89.
M. Sreenivasulu K. Arun KumarK. Sateesh Reddy K. Siva KumarP. Rajender Kumar K.B. ChandrasekharManojit Pal 《Tetrahedron letters》2011,52(6):727-732
A rapid, economic, and high yielding methodology has been developed for hydroacylation/reduction of activated ketones by using 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazolium chloride as a catalyst in combination with triethylamine. The reaction proceeded at an ambient temperature via generating N-heterocyclic carbene in situ that interacted with the (hetero)aryl aldehyde employed. While the reduction of ketones takes place in MeOH, the hydroacylation process was found to be effective in THF for both electron rich and deficient aldehydes. 相似文献
90.
Raju Suresh Kumar Stephen Michael Rajesh Subbu Perumal Perumal Yogeeswari Dharmarajan Sriram 《Tetrahedron: Asymmetry》2010,21(11-12):1315-1327
Enantiomerically pure (R)-(1-phenylethyl)-3,5-bis[(E)-arylmethylidene]tetrahydro-4(1H)-pyridinones were synthesized for the first time, and their 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with nitrile oxides affording di- and trispiroheterocycles regio- and stereoselectively in moderate yields was investigated. These compounds were evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (MTB) and multi-drug-resistant M. tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Among the compounds screened, the dispiroheterocycle, namely, (5R,6R,10S)-3,9-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-10-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-14-[(E)-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methylidene]-12-[(R)-1-phenylethyl]-1,4,7-trioxa-2,8,12-tri-azadispiro[4.0.4.4]tetradeca-2,8-diene 5m was found to possess the maximum activity with MIC of 0.49 μM against MTB, being 9.6 and 15.6 times more potent than ciprofloxacin and ethambutol, respectively. Against MDR-TB, 5m displayed maximum activity with an MIC of 0.49 μM, with it thus being more active than rifampicin, isoniazid, ciprofloxacin and ethambutol by 7.8, 23, 77 and 124 times, respectively. 相似文献