Anti‐static Agent Containing Zinc Oxide and its Modification for PA6 Fiber

A new anti‐static agent was synthesized from zinc oxide‐adipic acid‐polyethylene glycol and caprolactam by three‐step reactions. The antistatic agent (called poly(ether ester amide zinc oxide) or PEEAZ) was analyzed by IR and DSC. The results showed that zinc oxide existed in the main chain of PEEAZ. The glass temperature and melt temperature of poly(ether ester amide zinc oxide) (referred to as PEEAZ in the following) decreased with increasing poly(ether ester zinc oxide) increasing in PEEAZ. Antistatic PA6 fiber was obtained by adding PEEAZ 2–8% (wt/wt) to PA6 during blend spinning. The specific resistance and the static half‐value period of PA6 fiber was less than 10⁹Ω · cm and 60 sec, respectively. Excellent antistatic property remained after being washed 30 times.     

Conformation and Hydrolytic Stability of Polysaccharide from Xanthomonas campestris

Xanthomonas campestris polysaccharide in the solid state is stable to 225°C in air and 250°C in inert atmosphere. In solution, even at moderate temperatures, the polymer undergoes hydrolytic degradation via the glycosidic linkages, and occurrence of main-chain scission results in lower solution viscosity. In solution, the polymer can exist in ordered and disordered conformations. In distilled water at temperatures ≤ 50°C, the polymer exists in the disordered conformation. In the presence of salt, acid, or base the polymer exists in the ordered conformation. In the ordered conformation the polymer exhibits a far greater hydrolytic stability. The higher stability of the ordered conformation is especially demonstrated when the polymer is aged in acid or base solutions. Contrary to the expected lower stability of the glycosidic linkages in acid or base than in water, Xanthomonas campestris polysaccharide shows higher stability in these media.     

Single-Ion Conduction and Electrochemical Characteristics of Poly (Oxyethylene)/ Lithium Methoxy Oligo(Oxyethylene) Sulfate Blend

Abstract

The ion conduction of a blend of poly(oxyethylene) (PEO) and lithium methoxy oligo(oxyethylene) sulfate (SAL₈) and its electrochemical characteristics were studied. The maximum ambient conductivity of the blend reaches 1.2 × 10^?6 S/cm. The blend exhibits single-ion conduction, excellent mechanical performance, and electrochemical stability. A battery of Li/PEO + SAL₈/Li_1+xV₃O₈ has a constant discharge capacity at different discharge current densities up to a certain voltage, while the discharge capacity of Li/P (MEO_16-AM) + LiClO₄/Li_1+xV₃O₈ decreases with an increase of the discharge current density.     

Photoreduction of Alkyl Polyviologens and Their Low Molecular Analogs in PVA Matrix

The photoreduction behavior of alkyl viologen compounds in a PVA matrix was investigated. The initial photoreduction of alkyl viologens and related polyviologens follows second-order reaction kinetics, and the respective rate constants, which vary only slightly with alkyl chain length, were determined. While the polymer effect was not remarkable in a PVA matrix, the association behavior of radical cations was similar to that found in a 2-propanol aqueous solution.     

Rationally Designing Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Toward a High Specific Adsorbent by Using Metal as Assembled Pivot

This article presents an original work aimed at rationally designing molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) toward a high specific adsorbent. Assembling with cobalt as the pivot, the MIP was prepared by coordinating polymerizable monomers around an inducible template. The use of pivot obviously plays a positive role on increasing the specificity of MIP, so as to adsorb more for the template and less for its analogue. Related studies indicate that these may be a result of increasing specific interaction, which makes the MIP capable of recognizing the imprint species. Further information from thermodynamic analysis reveals that the increasing specific interaction, in logic, can be due to a higher fidelity of imprint, which specifically allures the template to bind.     

Coordination Networks Self-assembled by Transition Metal Salts With 4,4′-oxydianiline (4,4′-oda). Syntheses and Structures of ∞ 1 [Ni(NCS) 2 (4,4′-oda) 2 ], ∞ 2 [Co(NCS) 2 (4,4′-oda) 2 ] and ∞ 2 [M(N 3 )(4,4′-oda) 2 ]NO 3 (M=Cd II or Co II )

Four infinite complexes X 1 [Ni(NCS) 2 (4,4'-oda) 2 ], X 2 [Co(NCS) 2 (4,4'-oda) 2 ] and X 2 [M(N 3 )(4,4'-oda) 2 ]NO 3 [M=Cd II ( 3 ) or Co II ( 4 )] were obtained by reactions 4,4'-oxydianiline (4,4'-oda) with Ni(SCN) 2 , Co(SCN) 2 , Cd(N 3 ) 2 and Co(N 3 ) 2 , respectively which have been structurally established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 contains one-dimensional double-stranded chains comprising 24-membered Ni 2 (4,4'-oda) 2 macrocycles, each formed by two 4,4'-oda ligands and two octahedral Ni II centers. Complex 2 exhibits two-dimensional non-interpenetrating networks consisting of large 48-membered macrocycles each formed by four 4,4'-oda ligands and four octahedral Co II centers. The crystal structures of 3 and 4 are isomorphous and both contain one-dimensional double-stranded chains comprising 24-membered M 2 (4,4'-oda) 2 macrocycles, which are interlinked by w -1,3-azide groups to generate cationic two-dimensional sheets. These sheets are further connected by hydrogen bonds between the amine groups and nitrate ions to furnish three-dimensional networks. Crystal data: complex 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 2 1 / c with a =11.990(4) Å, b =9.413(4) Å, c =12.827(4) Å, g =116.32(2), V =1297.6(8) Å 3 and Z =2; complex 2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with a =9.583(2) Å, b =12.738(3) Å, c =21.039(4) Å, V =2568.2(9) Å 3 and Z =4; complex 3 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C 2/ c with a =23.036(5) Å, b =5.920(1) Å, c =17.800(4) Å, g = 92.67(3), V =2424.8(9) Å 3 and Z =4; complex 4 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C 2/ c with a = 22.861(5) Å, b =5.812(1) Å, c =17.720(4) Å, g =93.00(3), V =2351.2(8) Å 3 and Z =4.     

Determination of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to the pharmacokinetic study: A comparative study of its solution and two oral formulations

A high-performance liquid chromatography — tandem mass spectrometry method was used in a comparative pharmacokinetic study on 20(S)-protopanaxadiol in its solution, pharmacosomes and hydroxy-propyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion compound. The calibration linearity range was 2.5–5000 ng/mL and the limit of quantification was 2.5 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were less than 7% and the recoveries were 67.4, 63.3 and 69.6% at 5, 250 and 4500 ng/mL. In contrast to 20(S)-protopanaxadiol solution, its pharmacosomes and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion compound improved the oral bioavailability to different extent and meanwhile were much safer in clinical use.     

Synthesis, structure, and activity evaluation of two silver(I) complexes as Helicobacter pylori urease inhibitors

Two silver(I) compounds, [Ag(R,R-hxn)](C₇H₄BrO₂) · 2H₂O (I) (Chxn = 1,2-diaminocyclohexane) and [Ag(C₅H₆N₂)₂]₂(C₈H₄O₄) · 10H₂O (II), were synthesized and complex I was structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. Compound I contains a catena-(trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane) silver polycation ([Ag(Chxn)]_∞) in a roughly linear fashion, while II possesses a linear-type silver monocation. Compounds I and II were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against Helicobacter pylori urease in vitro. Both were found to have strong inhibitory activities against H. pylori urease comparable to that of acetohydroxamic acid.     

Identification of wild collected mosquito vectors of diseases using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in Jazan Province,Saudi Arabia

Thirty‐three species of mosquitoes have been reported from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Several of these mosquitoes, Anopheles gambiae Giles s.l., Anopheles stephensi Liston, Culex pipiens Linnaeus, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles, Stegomyia aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedimorphus vexans arabiensis (Patton) are known vectors of human and animal diseases. In this study, the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of eight mosquito species using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry were analyzed. Wild collected fourth‐instar larvae were reared, and single, newly emerged, unfed adult females were used for the analysis. A total of 146–160 peaks were detected from the cuticular extracts by gas chromatography. Repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD Post Hoc test was used to test for quantitative differences in relative hydrocarbon quantity. In addition, a linear regression model was applied using Enter method to determine the diagnostic peaks for the eight mosquito specimens. The ANOVA test indicated that relative peaks were significant (P < 0.05) when selected pairs of peaks were compared. Also, seven compounds showed qualitative differences among the five mosquito vectors tested. The classes of constituents present were n‐alkanes, monomethylalkanes, dimethylalkanes, trimethylalkanes, alkenes, branched aromatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes and esters. These compounds have a carbon chain length ranging from 8 to 18 carbons. The most abundant compound in all adult mosquito specimens was n‐hexylacrylate [retention time (RT) 6.73 min], which was not detected in Cx. pipiens. In Cx. pipiens, the most abundant peak was benzaldehyde (RT 2.98 min). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry is a suitable method to identify adult mosquitoes, especially from focal areas of public health concern such as Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia. This method allows a wide range of adult collected material to be identified with high accuracy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Thermal stability of phosphorus-containing styrene–acrylic copolymer and its fire retardant performance in waterborne intumescent coatings

Phosphorus-containing styrene–acrylic copolymers are synthesized by free radical seeded emulsion polymerization with the monomers of MMA/St/BA/MAA and phosphorus-containing vinyl monomer (SIPOMER PAM100). The properties of copolymer films are characterized by water adsorption test, thermogravimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), etc. The copolymer emulsions are used as the binder in an intumescent coatings formulation, and the fire-retardant performances of the coatings are determined by an instrument which the furnace temperature is analoging the cellulose fire temperature. The water adsorption of copolymer film increases remarkably owing to the increasing of phosphoric acid group in the polymer chain. The thermal decomposition stability and thermal-oxidative decomposition stability of the copolymer are improved when PAM100 is introduced into its chain, which is strongly supported by the FTIR and EDS results of copolymer residual treated at different temperature. The EDS results also illustrate that the fire retardancy enhanced by PAM100 during combustion owing to the condensed-phase mechanism. The fire-retardant test results show that the intumescent coatings using StA-P_1.5 copolymer emulsion as the binder obtains the best fire retardant performance. We suggested that StA-P_1.5 presents the lower reactivity with the acid source (APP) in 275–400 °C, and the higher reactivity with APP when the temperature is greater than 500 °C would be benefit for the swelling–charring process and the final fire retardant performance. The exorbitant crosslinking in StA-P₇ brings a negative effect on the fire-retardant performance of intumescent coatings, even if it introduces a densy swollen char layer.