Z箍缩驱动聚变-裂变混合堆氚燃料循环系统氚盘存量与氚自持初步分析

为研究氚自持条件,建立了Z-FFR氚分析模型,基于理论方程和氚平均滞留时间方法进行计算,得到稳态运行时排灰气处理系统、氚增殖提取系统、同位素分离系统、水去氚化系统的氚质量流分别为52.30,25.40,81.30,3.60 g/day,对应的氚盘存量为52.30,25.40,8.13,1.80 g。同时以氚质量流推导出氚自持判断条件,分析了设计参数能够满足氚自持要求,同时获得了燃烧效率、氚增殖率、提取效率与氚自持的互补关系,三者作为关键参数相互依存,于临界值、设计值、理想值之间分析了氚的自持情况。     

大尺度有效引力的E(2)规范理论模型

微波背景辐射的低l极矩的各向异性可能不能用微波背景辐射静止系boost到本动参考系来解释,我们推断boost对称性在宇宙学尺度上缺失,又由于单纯结合广义相对论和物质结构的标准模型不能解释星系以上尺度的引力现象,需要引入暗物质和暗能量.而迄今为止所有寻找暗物质粒子的实验给出的都是否定结果,暗能量的本质更是一个谜.因此,我们假设洛伦兹对称性是从星系以上尺度开始部分破缺,以非常狭义相对论对称群E(2)为例,用E(2)规范理论来构造大尺度有效引力理论,并分析了此规范理论的自洽性.从这些讨论中发现,当物质源即使为普通标量物质时,contortion也一般非零,非零contortion的存在会贡献一个等效能量动量张量的分布,它可能对暗物质效应给出至少部分的贡献.我们从对称性出发修改引力,有别于其他的修改引力理论.     

基于近场光学的微球超分辨显微效应

在光学成像领域,由于受到衍射极限的限制,常规成像分辨率在200nm左右.科学的不断进步对更高分辨率有着迫切需求,如何突破这个极限来获得更高质量的高分辨率图像是热门研究领域.2011年提出了微球超显微技术:在原有的光学系统中,将直径几微米至几十微米的透明微球直接置于样品表面,就能够成倍提高传统光学显微镜的成像能力.微球超显微技术以其简单直接的特点,受到广泛关注.本文介绍了光学显微镜的研究背景以及国内外团队在微球超分辨显微技术方面的研究进展,包括通过在微球表面进行环刻同心环、中心遮挡和表面涂覆的方法来调节微球所产生的光子纳米喷射方面所开展的一系列研究,并进行了理论模拟和实验验证,进一步提升了微球的超分辨显微效应.最后,展望了今后微球超分辨显微技术的应用与发展方向.     

基于内核构建的Cu-Au-Pd团簇稳定结构优化

具有特殊催化、磁性和化学活性的三元合金团簇已成为基础科学研究的热点问题.确定其稳定结构是研究团簇性质的重要前提.针对大尺寸Cu-Au-Pd团簇结构优化,提出了内核构建的方法改进了自适应免疫优化算法的效率(称为AIOA-IC算法).采用基于紧束缚势二阶矩近似的多体Gupta势函数来描述三元合金团簇原子间相互作用.为测试算法效率优化了原子数为60的Ag-Pd-Pt团簇稳定结构.结果显示新得到的结构比文献报道的团簇结构势能量值更低,由此可知AIOA-IC算法具有更强的势能面搜索能力.运用该算法研究了38及55原子Cu-Au-Pd团簇的稳定结构.所研究的38原子Cu-Au-Pd团簇包含了五折叠、六折叠和截角八面体结构,并且原子成分比例影响了团簇的结构类型.而55原子Cu-Au-Pd团簇均为完整二十面体结构,序列参数显示Cu,Au和Pd原子分层现象明显.对于147原子Cu_(12)Au_(93)Pd_(42)团簇完整二十面体结构,中心原子为Au,内层和次外层分别被12个Cu原子和42个Pd原子占据,最外层则被92个Au原子占满.通过原子半径及表面能分析了Cu,Pd和Au原子分别倾向于分布在内层、次外层和最外层的规律.     

电子垂直入射电离氦原子碰撞机理的理论研究

用3C模型和修正后的3C模型在低能、两个出射电子等能分享几何条件下,对电子垂直入射碰撞电离氦原子的三重微分散射截面进行了理论计算,并把计算结果与实验测量结果进行了比较,系统研究了(e,2e)反应中各种屏蔽效应对氦原子三重微分散射截面的影响,同时对截面中形成各峰的碰撞机理做了详细的探讨.研究结果表明:在入射能较低时,各种屏蔽效应对氦原子的三重微分散射截面幅度以及角分布均存在一定影响,并且形成各峰的碰撞机理直接影响截面的变化规律.     

采用高分辨电镜分析Cu掺杂聚-4-甲基-1-戊烯泡沫材料采用高分辨电镜分析Cu掺杂聚-4-甲基-1-戊烯泡沫材料

利用物理掺杂的方法,制备了铜掺杂聚-4-甲基-1-戊烯(PMP)低密度泡沫材料,采用高分辨扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜,分析了泡沫材料的微观结构、成分及微区成分分布。结果表明：与PMP泡沫相比,铜掺杂PMP泡沫的孔洞直径和网络骨架尺寸变大;铜颗粒镶嵌在PMP泡沫的有机骨架上且有团聚现象;泡沫材料中除碳、铜外,还残留有杂质元素氧;铜颗粒被PMP泡沫包裹,与碳网络骨架之间接触紧密。     

高压直流连续波光阴极注入器中发射度补偿

空间电荷效应是引起发射度增长的主要因素,特别是在高压直流连续波光阴极注入器中。分析了高压直流连续波光阴极注入器中线性空间电荷力的特点及其对电子束横向发射度的影响,并从理论上解析地研究了螺线管发射度补偿的原理及特点。最后利用Parmela程序对中国工程物理研究院高压直流连续波光阴极注入器的发射度补偿作了模拟计算。结果表明,束团电荷量为80 pC的电子束在350 keV高压直流电子枪出口处的横向归一化发射度为5.14 mmmrad,经过螺线管补偿后,其最小横向发射度变为1.27 mmmrad。电子束的发射度得到了很好的补偿。     

Novel high-voltage self-adaptive power device based on interface charge＊

This paper presents a novel high-voltage lateral double diffused metal-oxide semiconductor （LDMOS） with self- adaptive interface charge （SAC） layer and its physical model of the vertical interface electric field. The SAC can be self-adaptive to collect high concentration dynamic inversion holes, which effectively enhance the electric field of dielectric buried layer （EI） and increase breakdown voltage （BV）. The BV and EI of SAC LDMOS increase to 612 V and 600 V/tim from 204 V and 90.7 V/ttm of the conventional silicon-on-insulator, respectively. Moreover, enhancement factors of r/which present the enhanced ability of interface charge on EI are defined and analysed.     

A solution-adaptive lattice Boltzmann method for two-dimensional incompressible viscous flows

A stencil adaptive lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is developed in this paper. It incorporates the stencil adaptive algorithm developed by Ding and Shu [26] for the solution of Navier–Stokes (N–S) equations into the LBM calculation. Based on the uniform mesh, the stencil adaptive algorithm refines the mesh by two types of 5-points symmetric stencils, which are used in an alternating sequence for increased refinement levels. The two types of symmetric stencils can be easily combined to form a 9-points symmetric structure. Using the one-dimensional second-order interpolation recently developed by Wu and Shu [27] along the straight line and the D2Q9 model, the adaptive LBM calculation can be effectively carried out. Note that the interpolation coefficients are only related to the lattice velocity and stencil size. Hence, the simplicity of LBM is not broken down and the accuracy is maintained. Due to the use of adaptive technique, much less mesh points are required in the simulation as compared to the standard LBM. As a consequence, the computational efficiency is greatly enhanced. The numerical simulation of two dimensional lid-driven cavity flows is carried out. Accurate results and improved efficiency are reached. In addition, the steady and unsteady flows over a circular cylinder are simulated to demonstrate the capability of proposed method for handling problems with curved boundaries. The obtained results compare well with data in the literature.     

Arrays of Ru nanoclusters with narrow size distribution templated by monolayer graphene on Ru

Ru nanoclusters self-assemble over macroscopic sample areas during vapor deposition of Ru on monolayer graphene (MLG) on Ru(0001). The Ru nanoclusters form arrays with a mean lateral cluster diameter of ~ 20 Å, cluster heights of 1 or 2 ML, and a size distribution that remains nearly constant with increasing coverage. Combined scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory (DFT) show that the clusters are templated by the MLG/Ru(0001) moiré unit cell and identify the preferred binding site of the clusters as the low fcc region of the moiré. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM contrast simulations experimentally demonstrate that the interaction of the Ru clusters with the underlying MLG/Ru(0001) leads to a local lifting of the graphene layer of the template. DFT calculations confirm this mechanism of interaction of the Ru clusters with the strongly coupled MLG/Ru(0001). Weakening of the graphene-support coupling via oxygen intercalation is shown to have a major effect on the assembly of Ru nanocluster arrays. With a preferred binding site lacking on decoupled graphene, the Ru nanoclusters grow significantly larger, and clusters with 1 to 4 ML height can coexist.