Numerical study of InGaN tandem solar cells with intermediate bands

Theoretical investigations of InGaN tandem solar cells with intermediate bands (IBs) have been conducted through calculating the diode equation taking into account the radiative and nonradiative recombination currents. The calculated maximum ef?ciencies of the double‐junction cell with one IB in each subcell are 57.85% and 68.37% under AM1.5G one‐sun and 46000‐sun illuminations, respectively. It has also been observed that the combined device with the top‐cell bandgaps of 2.9–3.4 eV (2.6–3.4 eV for full concentration) may have an opportunity to realize the application of over 50% efficiency. We suggest that the optimized width of the IB layer be designed in the range of 1–6 μm if its absorption coefficient is 10⁴–10⁵ cm^–1 in the IB region.     

Directed triple systems

Directed triple systems are an example of block designs on directed graphs. A block design on a directed graph can be defined as follows. Let G be a directed graph of k vertices which contain no loops. Let S be a set of υ elements. A collection of k-subsets of S with an assignment of the elements of each k-subset to the vertices of G is called a block design on G of order υ if the following is satisfied. Any ordered pair of elements of S is assigned λ times to an edge of G.For example, if S = {a, b, c, d, e} and

and bae; cad; abc; dbe; acd; bce; adb; cde; aed; bec; is a collection of 3-subsets so written that in each subset the first element is assigned to the vertex 1, the second to 2, and the third to 3, then the collection is a block design on G with λ = 1.In this paper, it is shown that for the graph

if λ = 1, then the graph exists for all υ such that ν ? 2 mod 3.     

Handcuffed designs

Handcuffed designs are a particular case of block designs on graphs. A handcuffed design with parametersv, k, λ consists of a system of orderedk-subsets of av-set, called handcuffed blocks. In a block {A ₁,A ₂,?, A _k } each element is assumed to be handcuffed to its neighbours and the block containsk ? 1 handcuffed pairs (A ₁,A ₂), (A ₂,A ₃), ? (A _k?1,A _k ). These pairs are considered unordered. The collection of handcuffed blocks constitute a hundcuffed design if the following are satisfied: (1) each element of thev-set appears amongst the blocks the same number of times (and at most once in a block) and (2) each pair of distinct elements of thev-set are handcuffed in exactly λ of the blocks. If the total number of blocks isb and each element appears inr blocks the following conditions are necessary for the handcuffed design to exist:

1. λv(v?1) = (k?1) b,
2. rv = kb.

We denote byH(v, k, λ) the class of all handcuffed designs with parametersv, k, λ and sayH (v, k, λ) exists if there is a design with parametersv, k, λ. In this paper we prove that the necessary conditions forH (v, k, λ) exist are also sufficient in the following cases: (a)λ = 1 or 2; (b)k = 3; (c)k is evenk = 2h, and (λ, 2h ? 1) = 1; (d)k is odd,k = 2h + 1, and (λ, 4h)=2 or (λ, 4h)=1.     

基于液晶体的大错位量散斑相移技术研究

系统地分析了大错位量散斑干涉术测量离面位移的原理,并结合晶体光学理论详细分析液晶体的相移过程．同时从理论上剖析了沃拉斯顿棱镜的错位机理,从而构造出一种新的基于液晶体实现大错位量散斑相移技术的测试系统。采用该检测系统对结构实体混凝土在不同养护时间情况下的力学行为进行测试研究。实验结果揭示：随着养护时间的增加,混凝土结构的力学性能指标也相应增加,但在养护21天后,混凝土结构材料的弹性模量和结构强度都达到某一稳定值(即标准试样在同等养护条件下的实验室测量值)。并且也发现该技术使用方便,检测时受环境的影响小,可以实现现场在线原位实时无损检测,并能够得到非常真实的检测结果,从而可以实现更精确的定量计算。     

Alkene Carboarylation through Catalyst-Free,Visible Light-Mediated Smiles Rearrangement

A light-mediated Truce–Smiles arylative rearrangement is described that proceeds in the absence of any photocatalyst. The protocol creates two C−C bonds from simple starting materials, with the installation of an aryl ring and a difluoroacetate moiety across unactivated alkenes. The reaction proceeds via a radical mechanism, utilizing a light-mediated reduction of ethyl bromodifluoroacetate by N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) to set up intermolecular addition to an unactivated alkene, followed by Truce–Smiles rearrangement.     

Regularized gap functions and error bounds for split mixed vector quasivariational inequality problems

In this paper, we consider a class of split mixed vector quasivariational inequality problems in real Hilbert spaces and establish new gap functions by using the method of the nonlinear scalarization function. Further, we obtain some error bounds for the underlying split mixed vector quasivariational inequality problems in terms of regularized gap functions. Finally, we give some examples to illustrate our results. The results obtained in this paper are new.     

Cyclic orbifolds of lattice vertex operator algebras having group-like fusions

Letters in Mathematical Physics - Let L be an even (positive definite) lattice and $$gin O(L)$$. In this article, we prove that the orbifold vertex operator algebra $$V_{L}^{{hat{g}}}$$ has...     

Tomographic probability representation for quantum fermion fields

Tomographic probability representation is introduced for fermion fields. The states of the fermions are mapped onto the probability distribution of discrete random variables (spin projections). The operators acting on the fermion states are described by fermionic tomographic symbols. The product of the operators acting on the fermion states is mapped onto the star-product of the fermionic symbols. The kernel of the star-product is obtained. The antisymmetry of the fermion states is formulated as a specific symmetry property of the tomographic joint probability distribution associated with the states.