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81.
82.
Porphyrins have drawn much attention as sensitizers owing to the large absorption coefficients of their Soret and Q bands in the visible region. In a donor and acceptor zinc porphyrin we applied a new strategy of introducing 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (BTD) as a π‐conjugated linker between the anchoring group and the porphyrin chromophore to broaden the absorption spectra to fill the valley between the Soret and Q bands. With this novel approach, we observed 12.75 % power‐conversion efficiency under simulated one‐sun illumination (AM1.5G, 100 mW cm?2). In this study, we showed the importance of introducing the phenyl group as a spacer between the BTD and the zinc porphyrin in achieving high power‐conversion efficiencies. Time‐resolved fluorescence, transient‐photocurrent‐decay, and transient‐photovoltage‐decay measurements were employed to determine the electron‐injection dynamics and the lifetime of the photogenerated charge carriers.  相似文献   
83.
84.
Iron catalysis has been developed for the intermolecular 1,2‐addition of perfluoroalkyl iodides to alkynes and alkenes. The catalysis has a wide substrate scope and high functional‐group tolerance. A variety of perfluoroalkyl iodides including CF3I can be employed. The resulting perfluoroalkylated alkyl and alkenyl iodides can be further functionalized by cross‐coupling reactions. This methodology provides a straightforward and streamlined access to perfluoroalkylated organic molecules.  相似文献   
85.
Efficient expression of target protein is one of strategies for gene therapy or vaccine design. Many studies showed that codon optimization could enhance the expression of target proteins. In this paper, a target sequence of about 1.26 kb encoding the major capsid protein VP6 of grass carp reovirus (GCRV) and an optimized counterpart were synthesized and inserted into vectors for expressing VP6. The final constructs (named as pcDV6G and pcDV6YG) were transfected in Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney (CIK) cells. The fluorescence analysis and the Western blot results showed that the gene fragment was transfected and expressed in CIK cells successfully. Although the qRT-PCR results showed no difference at the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels between the different versions of vp6 in the indicated stages, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results showed that the protein level of VP6 expressed by pcDV6YG was higher than that by pcDV6G in the indicated hours. Taken together, these results suggest that the enhanced expression of GCRV VP6 in CIK cells by relative sequence optimization may be a good choice for making DNA vaccine against GCRV.  相似文献   
86.
A Gram-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, agarolytic bacterium, designated as H7, was isolated from a coastal seawater sample. This strain grows at pH 6.0–8.0, temperature of 15–40 °C, and at an NaCl concentration of 1–7 % (w/v). Ubiquinone-8 was the predominant respiratory quinone, and the DNA G+C content was 45.82 mol%. Analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence suggests that strain H7 belongs to the genus Pseudoalteromonas. DNA-DNA hybridization analysis showed DNA relatedness of as low as 55.42 and 40.27 % with its nearest phylogenetic neighbors Pseudoalteromonas atlantica IAM12927T and Pseudoalteromonas espejiana NCIMB2127T, respectively, which led us to name H7 Pseudoalteromonas hodoensis sp. nov. The type strain is H7T (=DSM25967T = KCTC23887T). An agarase (AgaA7) was purified to homogeneity from the cell-free culture broth of H7 through many steps of chromatography. Purified AgaA7 had an apparent molecular weight of 35 kDa, with a distinct NH2-terminal sequence of Ala-Asp-Ala-Thr-X-Pro (X, any amino acid) from the reported proteins, implying that it is a novel enzyme. The optimum pH and temperature for agarase activity were 7.0 and 45 °C, respectively. Thin-layer chromatography analysis, mass spectrometry, and enzyme assay using p-nitrophenyl-α/β-D-galactopyranoside revealed that AgaA7 is both an exo- and endo-type β-agarase that degrades agarose into neoagarotetraose, neoagarohexaose, and neoagarooctaose (minor).  相似文献   
87.
Manganese–cobalt–cerium oxide (Mn–Co–Ce–Ox) catalysts were synthesized by the co-precipitation method and tested for activity in low-temperature catalytic oxidation of NO in the presence of excess O2. With the best Mn–Co–Ce mixed-oxide catalyst, approximately 80 % NO conversion was achieved at 150 °C and a space velocity of 35,000 h?1. The effect of reaction conditions (reaction temperature, volume fractions of NO and O2, gas hourly space velocity (GHSV), and catalyst stability) was investigated. The optimum reaction temperature was 150 °C. Increasing the O2 content above 3 % results in almost no improvement of NO oxidation. This catalyst enables highly effective removal of NO within a wide range of GHSV. Furthermore, the stability of the Me–Co–Ce–Ox catalyst was excellent; no noticeable decrease of NO conversion was observed in 40 h.  相似文献   
88.
The combination of the copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction with sol–gel processing enables the versatile preparation of sol–gel materials under different shapes with targeted functionalities through a diversity-oriented approach. In this account, the development of the CuAAC reaction under anhydrous conditions for the synthesis of sol–gel precursors and for the assembling of magnetic nanoparticles on self-assembled monolayers is related, as well as the use of the classical CuAAC methodologies for the functionalization of mesoporous silica nanoparticles and microdots arrays. Coupling CuAAC and Sol–Gel will result in simplified preparations of multifunctional materials with controlled morphologies.  相似文献   
89.
Two-dimensional (2D) monometallic pnictogens (antimony or Sb, and bismuth or Bi) nanosheets demonstrate potential in a variety of fields, including quantum devices, catalysis, biomedicine and energy, because of their unique physical, chemical, electronic and optical properties. However, the development of general and high-efficiency preparative routes toward high-quality pnictogen nanosheets is challenging. A general method involving a molten-salt-assisted aluminothermic reduction process is reported for the synthesis of Sb and Bi nanosheets in high yields (>90 %). Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction was investigated on the Bi nanosheets, and high catalytic selectively to formate was demonstrated with a considerable current density at a low overpotential and an impressive stability. Bi nanosheets continuously convert CO2 into formate in a flow cell operating for one month, with a yield rate of 787.5 mmol cm−2 h−1. Theoretical results suggest that the edge sites of Bi are far more active than the terrace sites.  相似文献   
90.
Protein allostery is a phenomenon involving the long range coupling between two distal sites in a protein. In order to elucidate allostery at atomic resoluion on the ligand-binding WW domain of the enzyme Pin1, multistate structures were calculated from exact nuclear Overhauser effect (eNOE). In its free form, the protein undergoes a microsecond exchange between two states, one of which is predisposed to interact with its parent catalytic domain. In presence of the positive allosteric ligand, the equilibrium between the two states is shifted towards domain–domain interaction, suggesting a population shift model. In contrast, the allostery-suppressing ligand decouples the side-chain arrangement at the inter-domain interface thereby reducing the inter-domain interaction. As such, this mechanism is an example of dynamic allostery. The presented distinct modes of action highlight the power of the interplay between dynamics and function in the biological activity of proteins.  相似文献   
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