Syntheses,Structures, and Luminescent Properties of d10 Coordination Polymers with 2‐(4‐Carboxyphenyl)‐imidazo[4, 5‐f]‐1, 10‐phenanthroline and 1, 3‐Benzenedicarboxylate Derivatives

Four Zn^II/Cd^II coordination polymers (CPs) based on 2‐(4‐carboxy‐phenyl)imidazo[4, 5‐f]‐1, 10‐phenanthroline (HNCP) and different derivatives of 5‐R‐1, 3‐benzenedicarboxylate (5‐R‐1, 3‐BDC) (R = NO₂, H, OH), [Zn(HNCP)(5‐NO₂‐1, 3‐BDC)]_n ( 1 ), [Cd(HNCP)(5‐NO₂‐1, 3‐BDC)]_n ( 2 ), [Zn(HNCP)(1, 3‐BDC)(H₂O)₂]_n ( 3 ), and {[Zn(HNCP)(5‐OH‐1, 3‐BDC)(H₂O) · H₂O}_n ( 4 ) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Compounds 1 – 4 were determined by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction. Compounds 1 and 2 are isomorphous, presenting a 4‐connected uninodal (4, 4)‐sql 2D framework with threefold interpenetration, which are further extended into the three‐dimensional (3D) supramolecular architecture through π ··· π stacking interactions between the aryl rings of 5‐NO₂‐1, 3‐BDC. Compared to compound 1 , 3 is obtained by using different reaction temperatures and metal‐ligand ratios, generating a 3D framework with –ABAB– fashion via π ··· π stacking interactions. Compound 4 is a 1D chain, which is further extended into a 3D supramolecular net by hydrogen bonds and π ··· π stacking interactions. The thermogravimetric and fluorescence properties of 1 – 4 were also explored.     

Effect of oligonucleotide probes substituted by deoxyinosines on the specificity of SNP detection on the DNA microarray

One of the main factors that can affect the quality of microarray results is the microarray hybridization specificity. The key factor that affects hybridization specificity is the design of the probes. In this paper, we described a novel oligonucleotide probe containing deoxyinosines aimed at improving DNA hybridization specificity. We compared different probes to determine the distance between deoxyinosine base and SNPs site and the number of deoxyinosine bases. The new probe sequences contained two set of deoxyinosines (each set had two deoxyinosines), in which the interval between SNP site and each set of deoxyinosines was two bases. The new probes could obtain the highest hybridization specificity. The experimental results showed that probes containing deoxyinosines hybridized effectively to the perfectly matched target and improved the hybridization specificity of DNA microarray. By including a simple washing step after hybridization, these probes could distinguish matched targets from single‐base‐mismatched sequences perfectly. For the probes containing deoxyinosines, the fluorescence intensity of a match sequence was more than eight times stronger than that of a mismatch. However, the intensity ratio was only 1.3 times or less for the probes without deoxyinosines. Finally, using hybridization of the PCR product microarrays, we successfully genotyped SNP of 140 samples using these new labeled probes. Our results show that this is a useful new strategy for modifying oligonucleotide probes for use in DNA microarray analysis.     

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of mitochondrial DNA HVS‐I and HVS‐II in Chinese Bai ethnic group

For forensic and population genetic purposes, a total of 125 unrelated volunteers’ blood samples were collected from Chinese Bai ethnic minority group to analyze sequence variation of two hypervariable segments (HVS‐I and HVS‐II) in the mitochondrial DNA control region. Comparing the HVS‐I and HVS‐II sequences of the 125 Chinese Bais to the Anderson reference sequence, we found 86 polymorphic loci in HVS‐I and 40 in HVS‐II in mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Chinese Bai ethnic minority group, which defined 93 and 53 different haplotypes, respectively. Haplotype diversity and the mean pairwise differences were 0.992 ± 0.003 and 6.553 in HVS‐I, and 0.877 ± 0.027 and 2.407 in HVS‐II, respectively. We defined four macrohaplogroups R, M, N and D with the proportions ranging from 9.6% to 40.0%. With the analysis of the hypervariable domain from nucleotide 16 180–16 193 in HVS‐I, our study revealed new haplotypes of sequence variations. In addition, the Fst metric, phylogenetic tree, and principal component analysis demonstrated a close genetic relationship between the Bai group and Chinese Han populations from South China, Changsha, and Guangdong. The results support that the Bai group is a multiorigin ethnic minority that has merged with the Chinese Han population.     

表面解吸常压化学电离质谱法直接分析牙齿微区表面

采用纳升取样表面解吸常压化学电离质谱法(nano-SDAPCI-MS)结合主成分分析(PCA),建立了一种采用具有微米级针尖的金属取样针直接对龋齿不同部位取样并进行快速质谱分析的方法.数据分析结果表明,同一颗龋齿不同部位的质谱指纹谱图之间存在差异;在不需要样品预处理的前提下通过串联质谱快速测定了龋齿中的乳酸、丙酮酸、苯乙酸和丙酸等成分.采用PCA方法可较好地将龋齿病灶位置与邻近正常组织进行区分,也可对不同牙病及健康牙齿进行区分.本方法可方便地对牙齿进行直接微区分析,为鉴别牙齿疾病及观测治疗效果提供了一种快速、简单的方法,为生物体中微细部位的快速取样及直接质谱分析提供了一种可能的解决方案.     

O2/CO2气氛下稻秆添加磷酸二氢铵对固钾及灰熔融特性的研究

研究了21%O₂/79%CO₂气氛下,磷酸二氢铵对稻秆不同温度下的固钾能力及对灰熔融性的影响。利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)、X射线衍射(XRD)以及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等检测手段,对稻秆燃烧灰中K元素含量、产物物相以及微观形貌进行分析。固定床燃烧固钾实验表明,添加NH₄H₂PO₄能够有效提高稻秆固钾率,900℃下稻秆自身固钾率为14.65%,添加NH₄H₂PO₄后固钾率为68.79%,可以有效抑制生物质燃烧过程中碱金属以气态形式析出,并缓解了灰结渣现象。700℃燃烧条件下NH₄H₂PO₄和钾反应的主要产物为KPO₃;900℃下反应的主要产物为高熔点物质K₂CaP₂O₇,从微观形貌可以看出NH₄H₂PO₄能够抑制灰颗粒的烧结,添加NH₄H₂PO₄能有效提升稻秆灰熔点。     

Magnetic graphene oxide modified with choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvent for the solid-phase extraction of protein

Four kinds of green deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on choline chloride (ChCl) have been synthesized and coated on the surface of magnetic graphene oxide (Fe₃O₄@GO) to form Fe₃O₄@GO-DES for the magnetic solid-phase extraction of protein. X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to characterize Fe₃O₄@GO-DES, and the results indicated the successful preparation of Fe₃O₄@GO-DES. The UV–vis spectrophotometer was used to measure the concentration of protein after extraction. Single factor experiments proved that the extraction amount was influenced by the types of DESs, solution temperature, solution ionic strength, extraction time, protein concentration and the amount of Fe₃O₄@GO-DES. Comparison of Fe₃O₄@GO and Fe₃O₄@GO-DES was carried out by extracting bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin, bovine hemoglobin and lysozyme. The experimental results showed that the proposed Fe₃O₄@GO-DES performs better than Fe₃O₄@GO in the extraction of acidic protein. Desorption of protein was carried out by eluting the solid extractant with 0.005 mol L⁻¹ Na₂HPO₄ contained 1 mol L⁻¹ NaCl. The obtained elution efficiency was about 90.9%. Attributed to the convenient magnetic separation, the solid extractant could be easily recycled.     

Anharmonic Effect of the Unimolecular Isomerization/Decomposition of Benzyne

The anharmonic and harmonic rate constants were calculated for the unimolecular decomposition of o‐benzyne, the isomerization of o‐benzyne to m‐benzyne, the isomerization of m‐benzyne to p‐benzyne and unimolecular decomposition of p‐benzyne by using the Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) theory respectively, in the canonical and microcanonical systems. The geometry and the vibrational frequencies were calculated by MP2 and B3LYP methods with 6‐311G(d,p) basis set and the barrier energies were corrected using CBS‐QB3 theory. The anharmonic effect on the reactions was also examined. Comparison of results for the decompositions of benzyne indicate that both in microcanonical and canonical cases, the anharmonic effect on the decomposition of the o‐C₆H₄ and p‐C₆H₄ are significant, while the anharmonic effect on the two isomerizations are not pronounced.     

Separation Study of Eight Isoflavones by MEKC with Different Surfactants

Isoflavones are a very important group of natural products. This study investigated the separation of eight isoflavones, namely ononin, daidzin, genistin, biochanin A, formononetin, puerarin, genistein, and daidzein, from pueraria by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with different surfactants. The following micellar systems of MEKC were systematically compared for the analysis of these isoflavones: (1) a single surfactant comprising the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, the neutral surfactant polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20), and the ionic liquid-type surfactant (also a cationic surfactant) 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (C₁₂MIMBF₄); (2) different single surfactants with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMImBF₄) as an additive (modifier); and (3) mixed micelles of SDS + Tween 20 and C₁₂MIMBF₄ + Tween 20. Both SDS with BMImBF₄ as additive and mixed micelles of SDS + Tween 20 had the highest separation efficiency for the eight investigated compounds. Furthermore, the SDS with BMImBF₄ as additive was more stable (good repeatability of retention time and peak shape of analytes) than mixed micelles of SDS + Tween 20, which may be the result of a stabilizing effect of BMImBF₄. Therefore, the final analytical conditions were 15 mM SDS added with 50 mM BMImBF₄ in 30 mM sodium tetraborate (STB, pH 9.5) as running buffer; applied voltage, 20 kV; injection, 50 mbar for 5 s; cartridge temperature, 25 °C; compounds were detected at 260 nm. The developed method was fully validated (limit of detection, limit of quantification, intraday precision, inter-day precision, and recovery) and successfully applied to determine the eight analytes in three Radix Puerariae samples. The present study indicated that SDS with ionic liquids as additive in MEKC was suitable for the analysis of isoflavones.

     

石墨烯非共价功能化及其应用

石墨烯的湿法化学修饰,主要包括共价及非共价两种,是目前广泛采用的宏量功能化策略,亦是有效避免其团聚而充分发挥其优异纳米性能的重要修饰方法。非共价功能化因可同时保持原有及引入物质的物化性质,并可充分发挥协同作用,近年来已受到比共价修饰更多的研究关注,并已在生物科学与技术、可持续能源储存及转化、医疗和复合材料等诸多领域得到了广泛应用。本文综述了以应用为导向的石墨烯非共价功能化的构建策略,期望文中涉及的湿法组装策略能为进一步构建性能提升的新材料提供参考。