Cationic and temperature-sensitive liposomes loaded with eugenol for the application to silk

Silk has been widely used in the clothing industry due to their soft and smooth features, good biocompatibility, good heat dissipation, warmth and ultraviolet resistance. The application of fragrance to silk can significantly improve the performance of silk. However, there are two key scientific problems that need to be solved: slowing down the release rate of fragrances and increasing the scent lasting time of silk. In this study, cationic and temperature-sensitive liposomes were designed and prepared to encapsulate eugenol. These fragrance-loaded liposomes significantly slowed down the release rate of the fragrance and controlled the release rate of the fragrance in a thermo-sensitive manner. The liposomes adhered to the silk through electrostatic adsorption interaction. The positive charge on the fragrance-loaded liposomes neutralized much negative charge on silk and thereby increasing the adhesion efficiency.     

避雷器电阻片测试系统设计

采用工业PC机与可编程控制器、示波器、直流仪等设备设计了避雷器电阻片测试系统,阐述了本系统的控制流程及逻辑关系,用图形化编程语言编写了上位机软件,完成了避雷器电阻片在 U_1mA及0.75U_1mA下的漏电流等参数的测试,并对电阻片测试过程中的电压峰值、电流峰值进行采集存储,还存储了电阻片在整个测试过程中的能量,方便以后对测试过程中损坏的阀片进行能量、电流峰值、电压峰值方面的分析,对系统进行了初步的试验,结果表明该系统运行效果良好,实现了避雷器电阻片出厂前的测试,提高了测试效率。     

Construction of a Live‐Attenuated HIV‐1 Vaccine through Genetic Code Expansion

A safe and effective vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) is urgently needed to combat the worldwide AIDS pandemic, but still remains elusive. The fact that uncontrolled replication of an attenuated vaccine can lead to regaining of its virulence creates safety concerns precluding many vaccines from clinical application. We introduce a novel approach to control HIV‐1 replication, which entails the manipulation of essential HIV‐1 protein biosynthesis through unnatural amino acid (UAA*)‐mediated suppression of genome‐encoded blank codon. We successfully demonstrate that HIV‐1 replication can be precisely turned on and off in vitro.     

Preparation of raspberry-like silica microcapsules via sulfonated polystyrene template and aniline medium assembly method

Raspberry-like composite particles and microcapsules were prepared with anionic sulfonated polystyrene (PSS) particles as templates and cationic aniline monomer as assembly medium. With the help of the sulfonated microgel shells, aniline and silica particles could not only adsorbed onto template surfaces but also go inward shells and finally form microcapsules with varied silica shell thickness. The sulfonation extent of PSS particles first climbed up and then decreased with sulfonation time due to the competition of sulfonation reaction and PSS chain detachment. The silica content in composite particles and shell thickness of microcapsules followed similar trend with sulfonation extent. The choice of aniline as assembly medium was checked by comparing with methyl methacrylate and [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride, and it was found that the cationic and water-insoluble properties of aniline are both important for the composite efficiency.     

Evanescent Wave-Guided Growth of an Organic Supramolecular Nanowire Array

The ordered assembly of molecules within a specific space of nanoscale, such as a surface, holds great promise in advanced micro-/nanostructure fabrication for various applications. Herein, we demonstrate the evanescent wave (EW)-guided organization of small molecules into a long-range ordered nanowire (NW) array. Experiment and simulation revealed that the orientation and periodicity of the NW array were feasibly regulated by altering the propagation direction and the wavelength of EW. The generality of this approach was demonstrated by using different molecule precursors. While existing studies on EW often took advantages of its near-field property for optical sensing, this work demonstrated the photochemical power of EW in the guided-assembly of small molecules for the first time. It also provides an enlightening avenue to periodic structure with fluorescence, promising for super-resolution microscopy and important devices applicable to optical and bio-related fields.     

Design Strategies for High-Performance Aqueous Zn/Organic Batteries

Organic electroactive compounds are attractive to serve as the cathode materials of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) because of their resource renewability, environmentally friendliness and structural diversity. Up to now, various organic electrode materials have been developed and different redox mechanisms are observed in aqueous Zn/organic battery systems. In this Minireview, we present the recent developments in the energy storage mechanisms and design of the organic electrode materials of aqueous ZIBs, including carbonyl compounds, imine compounds, conductive polymers, nitronyl nitroxides, organosulfur polymers and triphenylamine derivatives. Furthermore, we highlight the design strategies to improve their electrochemical performance in the aspects of specific capacity, output voltage, cycle life and rate capability. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives of aqueous Zn/organic batteries.     

“拟双子”阴离子表面活性剂在癸烷/水界面的分子动力学模拟

采用全原子分子动力学模拟方法研究了壬基酚取代的系列烷基磺酸盐表面活性剂在癸烷/水界面的微观聚集行为,通过分析界面厚度、界面生成能和界面张力以及表面活性剂分子与水分子之间的径向分布函数和配位数,讨论了不同磺烷基链长度对壬基酚基取代烷基磺酸盐表面活性剂界面性质的影响.结果表明,磺烷基链长为12时,表面活性剂的界面张力最低,界面厚度和界面生成能最大.     

基于钴离子介导信号转换的抗坏血酸比色分析

抗坏血酸是许多生化过程所必需的一种生物小分子。借助于羟基氧化钴纳米片的氧化性和钴离子与硫氰酸根离子之间强的螯合作用,本研究首次报道了一种基于钴离子信号转换的新方法用于抗坏血酸的比色分析。在抗坏血酸存在时,羟基氧化钴纳米片被还原降解产生二价钴离子,钴离子与硫氰酸根离子之间通过螯合作用生成蓝色的[Co(NCS)₄]^_2-阴离子络合物,在625 nm处产生可见吸收信号。实验首先对羟基氧化钴纳米片与抗坏血酸的反应时间、硫氰酸铵和吐温-80的加入量等实验参数进行了优化,当反应时间为5 min,硫氰酸铵(3 mol/L)和吐温-80(10%, w%)的加入体积分别为30 μL和80 μL时,检测体产生最强的吸收信号。在优化的条件下,随着抗坏血酸浓度的增加,检测体系在625 nm处的吸收值线性增强,在0.03～0.45 mmol/L浓度范围内,检测体系在625 nm处的吸收值与AA浓度呈良好的线性关系,线性方程为A₆₂₅=0.638C (mmol/L)+0.042,相关系数R=0.993,检测限(3S/N)为1.5 μmol/L。     

Electrochemistry in Carbon‐based Quantum Dots

Electrochemistry belongs to an important branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical changes produced by electricity and the production of electricity by chemical changes. Therefore, it can not only act a powerful tool for materials synthesis, but also offer an effective platform for sensing and catalysis. As extraordinary zero‐dimensional materials, carbon‐based quantum dots (CQDs) have been attracting tremendous attention due to their excellent properties such as good chemical stability, environmental friendliness, nontoxicity and abundant resources. Compared with the traditional methods for the preparation of CQDs, electrochemical (EC) methods offer advantages of simple instrumentation, mild reaction conditions, low cost and mass production. In return, CQDs could provide cost‐effective, environmentally friendly, biocompatible, stable and easily‐functionalizable probes, modifiers and catalysts for EC sensing. However, no specific review has been presented to systematically summarize both aspects until now. In this review, the EC preparation methods of CQDs are critically discussed focusing on CQDs. We further emphasize the applications of CQDs in EC sensors, electrocatalysis, biofuel cells and EC flexible devices. This review will further the experimental and theoretical understanding of the challenges and future prospective in this field, open new directions on exploring new advanced CQDs in EC to meet the high demands in diverse applications.