空孔与运动裂纹相互作用的动焦散线实验研究

为研究预制裂纹不同偏移距离时运动裂纹与空孔的相互作用规律,采用动态焦散线实验系统,将预制裂纹的偏移距离设定为唯一变量,对含空孔的有机玻璃(PMMA)试件进行冲击三点弯实验。研究表明,存在两个临界距离：（6 mm (2 R )、9 mm (3 R )）,在该偏移距离下,裂纹扩展轨迹、动态断裂特性发生显著改变：(1) 预制裂纹偏移距离不大于3 mm时,裂纹贯穿空孔,发生二次起裂,且二次起裂的速度与应力强度因子显著大于一次起裂,无偏移时裂纹轨迹的分形维数为最小值;(2) 偏移距离增大至6 mm时,裂纹不再贯穿空孔,空孔对裂纹先吸引后排斥,裂纹速度与应力强度因子先减小后增大,裂纹轨迹的分形维数达到最大值;(3) 偏移距离大于6 mm时,空孔对裂纹的吸引作用逐渐减小,大于9 mm后,空孔对裂纹的吸引不再显著,裂纹起裂后即向落锤加载方向扩展直至贯穿试件。

     

利用深度神经网络和小波包变换进行缺陷类型分析

超声检测中对缺陷进行类型分析通常取决于操作人员对于特定专业知识的了解及检测经验,从而导致其分析结果的不稳定性和个体差异性。本文提出了一种使用小波包变换提取缺陷特征信息,并应用深度神经网络对得到的信息进行分类识别的方法。利用超声相控阵系统对于不锈钢试块上的通孔、斜通孔和平底孔进行超声检测,并对得到的超声回波波形按照新方法进行分析。实验结果表明,使用小波包变换后的数据进行分类识别能够在提高识别准确率的同时降低神经网络的学习时间,而使用深度神经网络相比通用的BP神经网络以可接受延长学习时间的代价提高了识别的准确率。采用新方法后,缺陷分类正确率提高了21.66%,而网络学习时间只延长了91.9s。在超声检测中使用小波包变换和深度神经网络来对于缺陷进行类型分析,能够排除人为干扰,增加识别准确率,对于实际应用有着极大的意义。     

Reduced graphene oxide wrapped hollow molybdenum trioxide nanorod for high performance lithium-ion batteries

Reduced graphene oxide wrapped hollow molybdenum trioxide nanorods have been fabricated as a high performance anode material for lithium batteries.     

模规MG－1的光束质量检测实验

在高斯光束传输方程的基础上，介绍了模规ＭＧ－１的组成和工作原理，给出了单模稳频Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光和Ａｒ￣＋激光光束质量的实验测试结果。     

Flow-injection catalytic kinetic determination of manganese using stopped-flow and gradient calibration

Based on the principle of Mn(II) catalysis of the Tiron-hydrogen peroxide reaction, a catalytic kinetic spectrophotometric determination of traces of manganese (ca. 10^?7 M) by flow injection was established. In combination with a microcomputer, by using gradient dilution and the stopped-flow method, onlya single standard solution was needed for calibration. The method has a high selectivity and a sampling rate of 40 h^?1. Traces of manganese in natural water were determined with a maximum relative standard deviation of 5.5% (n = 6).     

An O3‐type Oxide with Low Sodium Content as the Phase‐Transition‐Free Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Layered transition metal oxides Na_xMO₂ (M=transition metal) with P2 or O3 structure have attracted attention in sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs). A universal law is found to distinguish structural competition between P2 and O3 types based on the ratio of interlayer distances of the alkali metal layer d_(O‐Na‐O) and transition‐metal layer d_(O‐M‐O). The ratio of about 1.62 can be used as an indicator. O3‐type Na_0.66Mg_0.34Ti_0.66O₂ oxide is prepared as a stable anode for NIBs, in which the low Na‐content (ca. 0.66) usually undergoes a P2‐type structure with respect to Na_xMO₂. This material delivers an available capacity of about 98 mAh g^?1 within a voltage range of 0.4–2.0 V and exhibits a better cycling stability (ca. 94.2 % of capacity retention after 128 cycles). In situ X‐ray diffraction reveals a single‐phase reaction in the discharge–charge process, which is different from the common phase transitions reported in O3‐type electrodes, ensuring long‐term cycling stability.     

Excited States Symmetry Breaking and In-Plane Polarization Cause Chiral Reversal in Diastereomers

In this work, we investigate the electronic transitions and chirality of three isomers of huge conjugated systems: asymmetric diastereomers (MMMM) and two symmetrical diastereomers (PMPM and PPMM). The physical mechanism of flipping has been studied theoretically. The new ribbon-shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) molecule is formed by connecting three graphene-like systems with large conjugated π orbitals. By calculating and analyzing electromagnetic interaction decomposition over distance, it can be found that the chirality reversal of different energies is caused by the symmetrical fracture of TMDM in the Z direction. The chirality reversal at the same energy is caused by the in-plane polarization of the TMDM along the Y direction.     

Mild ketone formation via Ni-catalyzed reductive coupling of unactivated alkyl halides with acid anhydrides

Ni-catalyzed ketone formation through mild reductive coupling of a diverse set of unactivated alkyl bromides and iodides with particularly aryl acid anhydrides was successfully developed using zinc as the terminal reductant. These conditions also allow direct coupling of alkyl iodides with aryl acids in the presence of Boc(2)O and MgCl(2).     

基于串联反向三线圈电涡流传感器的材料识别方法研究

为了进一步提高涡流传感器的信号灵敏度,应用于不同材料的识别,提出了采用串联反向三线圈电涡流传感器的研究方法;详细分析了采用PCB制造工艺设计的串联反向三线圈电涡流传感器并给出了相应的电路设计;通过与普通电涡流传感器的对比试验,论证了采用这种三线圈电涡流传感器具有更高的灵敏度,不仅能有效识别具有高电导率的金属材料,并且对于电导率与金属相差3个数量级的石墨也能获取微弱的检测信号。