Spin-glass behavior and magnetic splitting in molecular magnetic materials {[N(n-C4H9)4][MIIFeIII(C2O4)3]}n (M = Co, Mn)

The mixed valence character and the antiferromagnetic coupling in the molecular magnetic materials {[N(n-C₄H₉)₄][M^IIFe^III(C₂O₄)₃]}_n (M = Co, Mn) were investigated by Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. In the material {[N(n-C₄H₉)₄][CoFe(C₂O₄)₃]}_n, the appearence of the spin-glass phase transition temperature and the magnetic phase transition under zero-field-cooled AC magnetic measurements were studied in the temperature range 5–100 K. In the Mössbauer spectra of {[N(n-C₄H₉)₄][MnFe(C₂O₄)₃]} a magnetic splitting was observed below 30 K. The appearance of the magnetic splitting indicates the occurrence of magnetic ordering in this complex. The hyperfine parameters show that the electronic state of iron is high-spin Fe³⁺.     

SERS study on surface chain geometry of atactic poly (methyl methacrylate) film and nanosphere

The surface chain geometry of atactic poly (methyl methacrylate) (a‐PMMA) film and nanosphere (NS) was revealed by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra. The Ag nanoparticles and nanoplates were prepared by electrochemical deposition and chemical synthesis for SERS substrates. The experimental results suggested that the molecular chain axis of a‐PMMA film adopted a trans‐conformation on bonding to Ag surface ascribed to the short‐range chemical (CHEM) effect according to the SERS selection rules. However, for the well‐coated monolayer of a‐PMMA NSs, the α‐CH₃ in polymer chains stood vertically to the Ag surface due to the giant local electromagnetic effect, then the chain conformation presented in the interface between a‐PMMA NSs and Ag metal was adopted the opposite orientation compared with a‐PMMA film. The Raman enhancement of the Ag nanoparticles was more prominent than that of the Ag nanoplates due to the free energies of face‐centered cubic crystal faces in nanoparticles, but the single crystals with (111) plane of Ag nanoplates could improve the stability of SERS signals when the annealed temperature was above T_g of a‐PMMA NSs. The present work can provide some useful information of surface chain geometry and conformation of NSs for designing various materials with well‐defined structure via a‐PMMA NSs template. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Palladium Catalysis for Aerobic Oxidation Systems Using Robust Metal–Organic Framework

Described here is a new and viable approach to achieve Pd catalysis for aerobic oxidation systems (AOSs) by circumventing problems associated with both the oxidation and the catalysis through an all‐in‐one strategy, employing a robust metal–organic framework (MOF). The rational assembly of a Pd^II catalyst, phenanthroline ligand, and Cu^II species (electron‐transfer mediator) into a MOF facilitates the fast regeneration of the Pd^II active species, through an enhanced electron transfer from in situ generated Pd⁰ to Cu^II, and then Cu^I to O₂, trapped in the framework, thus leading to a 10 times higher turnover number than that of the homogeneous counterpart for Pd‐catalyzed desulfitative oxidative coupling reactions. Moreover, the MOF catalyst can be reused five times without losing activity. This work provides the first exploration of using a MOF as a promising platform for the development of Pd catalysis for AOSs with high efficiency, low catalyst loading, and reusability.     

Complexity Evaluation of an Environmental Control and Life-Support System Based on Directed and Undirected Structural Entropy Methods

During manned space missions, an environmental control and life-support system (ECLSS) is employed to meet the life-supporting requirements of astronauts. The ECLSS is a type of hierarchical system, with subsystem—component—single machines, forming a complex structure. Therefore, system-level conceptual designing and performance evaluation of the ECLSS must be conducted. This study reports the top-level scheme of ECLSS, including the subsystems of atmosphere revitalization, water management, and waste management. We propose two schemes based on the design criteria of improving closure and reducing power consumption. In this study, we use the structural entropy method (SEM) to calculate the system order degree to quantitatively evaluate the ECLSS complexity at the top level. The complexity of the system evaluated by directed SEM and undirected SEM presents different rules. The results show that the change in the system structure caused by the replacement of some single technologies will not have great impact on the overall system complexity. The top-level scheme design and complexity evaluation presented in this study may provide technical support for the development of ECLSS in future manned spaceflights.     

锡黄铜在3.5%NaCl中的液固两相流冲蚀机理研究

利用旋转式冲蚀磨损试验机,对锡黄铜在3.5%NaCl溶液中进行液固两相流冲蚀磨损试验,利用扫描电镜详细分析了不同条件下锡黄铜表面的微观形貌、失效规律及微观破坏机理.结果表明:锡黄铜在失重的不同阶段对应不同的磨损机制,在不同外界条件下其破坏机制也不尽相同.锡黄铜在阴极保护即无腐蚀影响下,试样发生严重冲蚀前存在门槛速度,冲蚀形貌主要以犁削和铲削为主同时兼有切片.当冲蚀速率增加,冲蚀切削形貌减少,而冲蚀时间的增加将导致冲蚀率首先增加后减小并趋于平衡;在无阴极保护作用下,试样表面出现腐蚀凹坑,冲蚀率大幅度增加,随着冲蚀速率的增加失重率增加,但随冲蚀时间增加,冲蚀率减小.     

Molecular Pathological Diagnosis of Thyroid Tumors Using Spatially Resolved Metabolomics

The pathological diagnosis of benign and malignant follicular thyroid tumors remains a major challenge using the current histopathological technique. To improve diagnosis accuracy, spatially resolved metabolomics analysis based on air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AFADESI-MSI) technique was used to establish a molecular diagnostic strategy for discriminating four pathological types of thyroid tumor. Without any specific labels, numerous metabolite features with their spatial distribution information can be acquired by AFADESI-MSI. The underlying metabolic heterogeneity can be visualized in line with the cellular heterogeneity in native tumor tissue. Through micro-regional feature extraction and in situ metabolomics analysis, three sets of metabolic biomarkers for the visual discrimination of benign follicular adenoma and differentiated thyroid carcinomas were discovered. Additionally, the automated prediction of tumor foci was supported by a diagnostic model based on the metabolic profile of 65 thyroid nodules. The model prediction accuracy was 83.3% when a test set of 12 independent samples was used. This diagnostic strategy presents a new way of performing in situ pathological examinations using small molecular biomarkers and provides a model diagnosis for clinically indeterminate thyroid tumor cases.     

Preparation and Performance of Lignin-Based Multifunctional Superhydrophobic Coating

Superhydrophobic coatings have drawn much attention in recent years for their widespread potential applications. However, there are challenges to find a simple and cost-effective approach to prepare superhydrophobic materials and coatings using natural polymer. Herein, we prepared a kraft lignin-based superhydrophobic powder via modifying kraft lignin through 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyl-triethoxysilane (PFDTES) substitution reaction, and constructed superhydrophobic coatings by direct spraying the suspended PFDTES-Lignin powder on different substrates, including glass, wood, metal and paper. The prepared lignin-based coatings have excellent repellency to water, with a water contact angle of 164.7°, as well as good friction resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, salt resistance properties and quite good self-cleaning performance. After 30 cycles of sand friction or being stayed in 2 mol/L HCl, 0.25 mol/L NaOH and 2 mol/L NaCl solution for 30 min, the coatings still retain super hydrophobic capability, with contact angles higher than 150°. The superhydrophobic performance of PFDTES-Lignin coatings is mainly attributed to the constructed high surface roughness and the low surface energy afforded by modified lignin. This lignin-based polymer coating is low-cost, scalable, and has huge potential application in different fields, providing a simple way for the value-added utilization of kraft lignin.     

Reduced graphene oxide wrapped hollow molybdenum trioxide nanorod for high performance lithium-ion batteries

Reduced graphene oxide wrapped hollow molybdenum trioxide nanorods have been fabricated as a high performance anode material for lithium batteries.     

模规MG－1的光束质量检测实验

在高斯光束传输方程的基础上，介绍了模规ＭＧ－１的组成和工作原理，给出了单模稳频Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光和Ａｒ￣＋激光光束质量的实验测试结果。     

Flow-injection catalytic kinetic determination of manganese using stopped-flow and gradient calibration

Based on the principle of Mn(II) catalysis of the Tiron-hydrogen peroxide reaction, a catalytic kinetic spectrophotometric determination of traces of manganese (ca. 10^?7 M) by flow injection was established. In combination with a microcomputer, by using gradient dilution and the stopped-flow method, onlya single standard solution was needed for calibration. The method has a high selectivity and a sampling rate of 40 h^?1. Traces of manganese in natural water were determined with a maximum relative standard deviation of 5.5% (n = 6).