Double-slit diffraction of terahertz wave generated by tilted-pulse-front pumping

We propose a spatial diffraction diagnostic method via inserting a millimeter-gap double slit into the collimated terahertz beam to monitor the minute variation of the terahertz beam in strong-field terahertz sources, which is difficult to be resolved in conventional terahertz imaging systems. To verify the method, we intentionally fabricate tiny variations of the terahertz beam through tuning the iris for the infrared pumping beam before the tilted-pulse-front pumping setups.The phenomena can be well explained by the theory based on the tilted-pulse-front technique and terahertz diffraction.     

等离子体表面梯度硅沉积对环氧树脂电气性能的影响

环氧树脂作为常见的绝缘材料,在高压直流电场作用下易在其表面积累电荷,发生电场畸变,导致材料绝缘性能下降,影响电力系统运行可靠性。为改善气固界面的电荷特性和绝缘性能,在大气压等离子体射流技术的基础上,对环氧树脂表面进行等离子体梯度硅沉积处理。对改性前后环氧树脂表面理化特性、表面电导率、表面电荷消散和沿面耐压特性进行了多参数测量。实验结果表明,梯度改性对材料表面的物理形貌和化学组分均有明显影响,不同区域的电导率实现了梯度分布,加快了表面电荷消散速度,表面陷阱能级变浅;梯度改性后的样品沿面闪络电压提升幅度可达30.16%。通过等离子体表面梯度硅沉积处理能够改善环氧树脂表面电气性能,在高压直流设备的绝缘设计方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

A Linear Frequency Principle Model to Understand the Absence of Overfitting in Neural Networks

Why heavily parameterized neural networks(NNs) do not overfit the data is an important long standing open question. We propose a phenomenological model of the NN training to explain this non-overfitting puzzle. Our linear frequency principle(LFP) model accounts for a key dynamical feature of NNs: they learn low frequencies first, irrespective of microscopic details. Theory based on our LFP model shows that low frequency dominance of target functions is the key condition for the non-overfitting of NNs and is verified by experiments. Furthermore,through an ideal two-layer NN, we unravel how detailed microscopic NN training dynamics statistically gives rise to an LFP model with quantitative prediction power.     

Unusual Normal and Superconducting State Properties Observed in Hydrothermal Fe_(1-δ)Se Flakes

The electronic and superconducting properties of Fe_(1-δ)Se single-crystal flakes grown hydrothermally are studied by the transport measurements under zero and high magnetic fields up to 38.5 T. The results contrast sharply with those previously reported for nematically ordered Fe Se by chemical-vapor-transport(CVT) growth. No signature of the electronic nematicity, but an evident metal-to-nonmetal crossover with increasing temperature,is detected in the normal state of the present hydrothermal samples. Interestingly, a higher superconducting critical temperature T_c of 13.2 K is observed compared to a suppressed T_c of 9 K in the presence of the nematicity in the CVT Fe Se. Moreover, the upper critical field in the zero-temperature limit is found to be isotropic with respect to the field direction and to reach a higher value of ~42 T, which breaks the Pauli limit by a factor of 1.8.     

Nonlocal Effects of Low-Energy Excitations in Quantum-Spin-Liquid Candidate Cu_3Zn(OH)_6FBr

We systematically study the low-temperature specific heats for the two-dimensional kagome antiferromagnet,Cu_3Zn(OH)_6FBr.The specific heat exhibits a T~(1.7) dependence at low temperatures and a shoulder-like feature above it.We construct a microscopic lattice model of Z_2 quantum spin liquid and perform large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations to show that the above behaviors come from the contributions from gapped anyons and magnetic impurities.Surprisingly,we find the entropy associated with the shoulder decreases quickly with grain size d,although the system is paramagnetic to the lowest temperature.While this can be simply explained by a core-shell picture in that the contribution from the interior state disappears near the surface,the 5.9-nm shell width precludes any trivial explanations.Such a large length scale signifies the coherence length of the nonlocality of the quantum entangled excitations in quantum spin liquid candidate,similar to Pippard's coherence length in superconductors.Our approach therefore offers a new experimental probe of the intangible quantum state of matter with topological order.     

高压下富氢高温超导体的研究进展

近年来,高压强极端条件下的富氢化合物成为高温超导体研究的热点目标材料体系.该领域目前取得了两个标志性重要进展,先后发现了共价型H3S富氢超导体(Tc=200 K)和以LaH10(Tc=260 K,–13℃),YH6,YH9等为代表的一类氢笼合物结构的离子型富氢超导体,先后刷新了超导温度的新纪录.这些研究工作燃发了人们在高压下富氢化合物中发现室温超导体的希望.本文重点介绍高压下富氢高温超导体的相关研究进展,讨论富氢化合物产生高温超导电性的物理机理,展望未来在富氢化合物中发现室温超导体的可能性并提出多元富氢化合物候选体系.     

模型化研究 HBx 与 CREB 诱发肝癌的一种物理机制

本文基于Hill动力学与Michaelis-Menten方程,建立理论模型研究乙型肝炎病毒(HBx)通过与环磷腺苷效应元件结合蛋白(CREB)相互作用促进肝癌(HCC)发生发展的一种物理机制.理论模型考虑HBx-CPAP (中心体P4.1相关蛋白)-AKT(蛋白激酶B)-GSK3(糖原合成酶激酶3)-P53通路信号传导特性.研究发现,CREB对HBx有扩增效应,较高浓度的CREB使得P53抑癌功能下降,并促使炎性因子(NF-κB)呈现出二次增长,为HBx诱发HCC提供了炎性微环境. CREB还会调控AKT呈现二次增长,影响细胞糖原代谢,在一定程度上促使了HCC的发生发展.理论结果符合实验,进一步揭示了HBx通过与CREB相互作用促进HCC发生发展的一种物理机制,可为设计阻断肝炎向肝癌转变通路的治疗方案提供理论依据.     

C-Mg掺杂GaN电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论第一性原理的方法,计算了GaN、C单掺、Mg单掺和C-Mg共掺体系的电子结构和光学性质,计算结果表明:掺杂后,GaN体系的晶格发生畸变,有利于光生空穴-电子对的分离,C-Mg共掺体系结构最稳定,掺杂体系的禁带宽度均减小,其中C-Mg共掺体系的禁带宽度最小,在禁带中引入了杂质能级,说明掺杂可有效降低电子跃迁所需的能量.在光学性质方面,掺杂后,GaN在低能区介电峰和吸收峰均发生红移,且静介电常数增大;其中C-Mg共掺体系的对可见光的吸收最强,极化能力最强,因此C-Mg共掺将有望提高GaN在光催化性能和极化能力.     

Equilibrium threshold strategies in observable queueing systems under single vacation policy

This paper studies the equilibrium behavior of customers in continuous/discrete time queueing systems under single vacation policy. In the single vacation queueing system, the server can only take exactly one vacation when no customers exist in the system. This scheme is more practical under many specific circumstances. Based on the reward–cost structure, equilibrium behavior is considered in the fully observable and almost observable cases. The threshold strategies in equilibrium are obtained and the stationary system behavior is analyzed under the corresponding strategies. Finally, we illustrate the effect of the information level as well as several parameters on the equilibrium thresholds and social benefits via numerical experiments. The research results could instruct the customers to take optimal strategies and provide the managers with reference information on the pricing problem in the queueing system.     

Multi-Scale Permutation Entropy: A Potential Measure for the Impact of Sleep Medication on Brain Dynamics of Patients with Insomnia

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that is closely associated with the occurrence and deterioration of cardiovascular disease, depression and other diseases. The evaluation of pharmacological treatments for insomnia brings significant clinical implications. In this study, a total of 20 patients with mild insomnia and 75 healthy subjects as controls (HC) were included to explore alterations of electroencephalogram (EEG) complexity associated with insomnia and its pharmacological treatment by using multi-scale permutation entropy (MPE). All participants were recorded for two nights of polysomnography (PSG). The patients with mild insomnia received a placebo on the first night (Placebo) and temazepam on the second night (Temazepam), while the HCs had no sleep-related medication intake for either night. EEG recordings from each night were extracted and analyzed using MPE. The results showed that MPE decreased significantly from pre-lights-off to the period during sleep transition and then to the period after sleep onset, and also during the deepening of sleep stage in the HC group. Furthermore, results from the insomnia subjects showed that MPE values were significantly lower for the Temazepam night compared to MPE values for the Placebo night. Moreover, MPE values for the Temazepam night showed no correlation with age or gender. Our results indicated that EEG complexity, measured by MPE, may be utilized as an alternative approach to measure the impact of sleep medication on brain dynamics.