中医方药量化研究中“相对药量”的数学模型体系

建立中医方药量华研究的"相对药量"概念模型体系;方法:运用微分方程理论;提出五种情况下,中药常用量范围内相对药量概念的数学模型,分别为直线模型、指数函数模型、对数函数模型、二次函数模型(开口向上和向下两种),并说明该模型体系的和理性与适应性;结论:相对药量概念核心体系的建立,增加了中医方药"相对药量"可比性的全面性,这对进一步研究单位药乃至方剂中各药在性、味、归经等方面的影响程度及其规律性,将起到至关重要的作用.     

Enforcing Strong Stability of Explicit Runge-Kutta Methods with Superviscosity

A time discretization method is called strongly stable(or monotone),if the norm of its numerical solution is nonincreasing.Although this property is desirable i...     

Designed fabrication of mesoporous silica-templated self-assembled theranostic nanomedicines

Theranostic nanosystems that integrate diagnosis and therapy have garnered increasing attention for personalized medicine.The integration of the versatile nanoparticles to fabricate self-assembled theranostic nanomedicines becomes increasingly important in current medical research.Mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSN)with their highly attractive physicochemical properties and favorable morphological attributes represent ideal templates for the controlled assembly and integration of functional nanomaterials to fabricate self-assembled theranostic nanomedicines.The rationally designed combination strategy and heterostructure will improve the overall bioavailability and preserve the unique property of each nanocomponent.In this review,the cutting-edge strategies for the designed fabrication of MSN-templated self-assembled nanomedicines are summarized.We categorize MSN-based nanomedicines by their unique heterostructures,including core-shell,yolk-shell,core-satellite,heterodimer and core-shell-satellite structures,and discuss the controlled assembly approaches as well as the intriguing applications for disease theranostics.Finally,a perspective on the challenges in the clinical translation of self-assembled theranostic nanomedicines is highlighted.     

Organophosphine bearing multiple hydrogen-bond donors for asymmetric Michael addition reaction of 1-oxoindane-2-carboxylic acid ester via dual-reagent catalysis

Multiple hydrogen bonds containing nucleophilic phosphines derived from dipeptide dual-reagents catalyzed asymmetric Michael addition reactions between indene esters and activated olefins in high yields and good to excellent enantioselectivities under mild reaction conditions. The success of current highly selective reactions should provide inspiration for expansion to other reactions and would open up new paradigms for the synthesis of indanone derivatives bearing chiral quaternary carbon centers.     

基于Person Ⅶ核函数的支持向量机及其在化学模式分类中的应用

化学模式分类问题通常是非线性的,而且比较复杂,难以用经典统计方法建立分类判别模型。以支持向量机(SVM)构建的分类器具有更好的分类性能。对于非线性分类,SVM通过核函数将其映射到高维特征空间中,然后再进行线性分类。因此,核函数往往是决定SVM非线性分类性能的关键。实际应用时,一般通过选择几种核函数,并对其参数进行优化,然后根据分类器的预测性能来决定,训练过程非常耗时,而且结果难以保证最优。为此,采用一种通用性的核函数,即PersonⅦ核函数(PUKF),它可取代目前常用的几种核函数,可避免SVM非线性分类器训练过程的核函数选择问题。本研究将基于PUKF的SVM分类器应用于两个化学模式分类问题,均取得了较好的结果。对于多类分类,设计了一种子分类器的构造方法,它在分类性能保持较好的情况下,简化了多类分类器结构,大大降低了计算量。     

An Edge Server Placement Method Based on Reinforcement Learning

In mobile edge computing systems, the edge server placement problem is mainly tackled as a multi-objective optimization problem and solved with mixed integer programming, heuristic or meta-heuristic algorithms, etc. These methods, however, have profound defect implications such as poor scalability, local optimal solutions, and parameter tuning difficulties. To overcome these defects, we propose a novel edge server placement algorithm based on deep q-network and reinforcement learning, dubbed DQN-ESPA, which can achieve optimal placements without relying on previous placement experience. In DQN-ESPA, the edge server placement problem is modeled as a Markov decision process, which is formalized with the state space, action space and reward function, and it is subsequently solved using a reinforcement learning algorithm. Experimental results using real datasets from Shanghai Telecom show that DQN-ESPA outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms such as simulated annealing placement algorithm (SAPA), Top-K placement algorithm (TKPA), K-Means placement algorithm (KMPA), and random placement algorithm (RPA). In particular, with a comprehensive consideration of access delay and workload balance, DQN-ESPA achieves up to 13.40% and 15.54% better placement performance for 100 and 300 edge servers respectively.     

Production of Atosiban’s Key Intermediate Pentapeptide: Synthetic Approaches to the Development of a Peptide Synthesis with Less Racemization and Simplifier Purification Process

The key intermediate NH₂-Ile-Thr(Bzl)-Asn-Cys(Bzl)-Pro-COOH of Atosiban was prepared from N-Boc-S-Bzl-cysteine by the stepwise lengthening of the chain according to the repetitive N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide/N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (BSA/NHS) strategy. This synthetic route required no chromatography purification and can be readily performed, yielding a highly pure pentapeptide compound.     

Methods for enhancing the capacity of electrode materials in low-temperature lithium-ion batteries

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) have evolved into the mainstream power source of ene rgy sto rage equipment by reason of their advantages such as high energy density,high power,long cycle life and less pollution.With the expansion of their applications in deep-sea exploration,aerospace and military equipment,special working conditions have placed higher demands on the low-temperature performance of LIBs.However,at low temperatures,the severe polarization and inferior electrochemical activity of electrode materials cause the acute capacity fading upon cycling,which greatly hindered the further development of LIBs.In this review,we summarize the recent important progress of LIBs in low-temperature operations and introduce the key methods and the related action mechanisms for enhancing the capacity of the various cathode and anode materials.It aims to promote the development of high-performance electrode materials and broaden the application range of LIBs.     

Graphene-Oxide-Based Fluoro- and Chromo-Genic Materials and Their Applications

Composite materials and their applications constitute a hot field of research nowadays due to the fact that they comprise a combination of the unique properties of each component of which they consist. Very often, they exhibit better performance and properties compared to their combined building blocks. Graphene oxide (GO), as the most widely used derivative of graphene, has attracted widespread attention because of its excellent properties. Abundant oxygen-containing functional groups on GO can provide various reactive sites for chemical modification or functionalization of GO, which in turn can be used to develop novel GO-based composites. This review outlines the most recent advances in the field of novel dyes and pigments encompassing GO as a key ingredient or as an important cofactor. The interactions of graphene with other materials/compounds are highlighted. The special structure and unique properties of GO have a great effect on the performance of fabricated hybrid dyes and pigments by enhancing the color performance of dyes, the anticorrosion properties of pigments, the viscosity and rheology of inks, etc., which further expands the applications of dyes and pigments in dyeing, optical elements, solar-thermal energy storage, sensing, coatings, and microelectronics devices. Finally, challenges in the current development as well as the future prospects of GO-based dyes and pigments are also discussed. This review provides a reference for the further exploration of novel dyes and pigments.     

磷钼酸作为光催化还原剂制备纳米金溶胶

选择二甲基甲酰(DMF)为电子牺牲剂,以磷钼杂多酸作为光催化还原剂制备了纳米金溶胶,由于DMF与磷钼杂多阴离子间的电荷转移作用,导致钼系杂多酸可成为制备纳米金溶胶的光催化还原剂.实验结果表明,紫外光照作用及光照时间、DMF用量等是影响纳米金的形成和形貌的主要因素,选择适宜的合成条件可以得到粒径均匀、分散性好的纳米金溶胶.