Double-clad photonic crystal fiber coupler for compact nonlinear optical microscopy imaging

A 1 x 2 double-clad photonic crystal fiber coupler is fabricated by the fused tapered method, showing a low excess loss of 1.1 dB and a splitting ratio of 97/3 over the entire visible and near-infrared wavelength range. In addition to the property of splitting the laser power, the double-clad feature of the coupler facilitates the separation of a near-infrared single-mode beam from a visible multimode beam, which is ideal for nonlinear optical microscopy imaging. In conjunction with a gradient-index lens, this coupler is used to construct a miniaturized microscope based on two-photon fluorescence and second-harmonic generation. Three-dimensional nonlinear optical images demonstrate potential applications of the coupler to compact all-fiber and nonlinear optical microscopy and endoscopy.     

激光与近相对论临界密度薄层相互作用产生大电量高能电子束

研究了激光与近相对论临界密度等离子体薄层相互作用时所产生的高能电子束的主要特征,包括平均有效温度以及截止能量等.实验结果表明,电子束的电量超过nC量级,平均有效温度可达8 MeV以上.PIC数值模拟证明,近相对论临界密度等离子体内,相对论自透明效应和激光钻孔效应共同形成一条磁化等离子体通道,电子与激光将在角向磁场的协助下发生Betatron共振.激光可将电子直接加速到很高能量,因此电子束平均有效温度("斜坡温度")远远超过Wilks定标率预计的平均温度.该研究为产生高亮度X射线源提供了一种新的可能途径.     

灰气体加权和辐射模型综合评估及分析

在O_2/CO_2气氛下,参与性介质的非灰气体辐射特性表现出不同于空气气氛下的特性,因此,非灰气体辐射模型的选择和应用在换热过程中将变得十分重要.基于统计窄谱带模型,本文综合评估近年发展应用较广的灰气体加权和(WSGG)模型.结果表明,几种WSGG模型的预测值总体趋势正确,但仍存在着一定的差别.对于发射率,Dorigon等(2013 Int.J.Heat Mass Transfer 64 863)和Bordbar等(2014 Combust.Flame 161 2435)的WSGG模型与基准模型符合较好,相对误差小于20%.与离散坐标法结合,本文求解了PH_2O/PCO_2=1,2时的一维平行平板间辐射换热问题.结果显示,由Dorigon等和Bordbar等的WSGG模型得到的辐射热源和热流密度分布的相对误差均较小(10%左右).Johansson等(2011 Combust.Flame 158893)和Bordbar等的WSGG模型具有更广的适用范围.     

Physicochemical properties of nanoparticles affect translocation across pulmonary surfactant monolayer

Interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and pulmonary surfactant monolayer is one of the most important parts in NP-based pulmonary drug delivery system, which can affect the result of the inhaled nano-drugs and their potential efficacy. Here, we show how surface charge of NPs affects translocation across pulmonary surfactant monolayer with coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. The results reveal that the surface charge position of NPs can determine the fate of the inhaled NPs about whether they can have the ability of translocation across the pulmonary surfactant monolayer, which is that NPs with face surface charge can penetrate the pulmonary surfactant monolayer and NPs with edge surface charge cannot. Besides, dynamic process, phase state and the potential of mean force profiles further confirm this result. Moreover, compared to anionic NPs, there is a greater chance for cationic NPs to be adsorbed on the surface of the pulmonary surfactant monolayer, which can further decrease the thickness of the pulmonary surfactant monolayer and reduce the distance between charged NPs and the pulmonary surfactant monolayer. Our researches provide a novel simulation model of NPs on translocation across pulmonary surfactant monolayer and the study of NP-based pulmonary drug delivery system should consider the surface charge of NPs.     

Effect of bromine substituent on optical properties of aryl compounds

Substituents significantly affect optical properties of organic compounds. In this study, a series of organic compounds were synthesized. Ultraviolet‐visible and cyclic voltammetry spectra were determined. The relationships between the number of π electron in an aryl ring and the redshift (and molecular orbital energy levels) were studied. To investigate mechanisms of the bromine substituent effects, theoretical calculations were carried out. Ultraviolet‐visible spectra of bromine‐containing compounds exhibit obvious redshifts (0.04‐0.17 eV) of the maximal absorption wavelengths and enhanced absorbance (11%‐57%) compared with corresponding reference compounds. The lowest unoccupied and highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels of compounds containing bromine substituents are 0.05 to 0.60 and 0.02 to 0.40 eV lower than that of corresponding reference compounds. On the whole, the redshifts and the reduced molecular orbital energy levels caused by bromine substituent decrease with the increase in the number of π electron in an aryl ring. The effects would be attributed to strong p‐π conjugation between p electron in the bromine substituent and π electrons in aryl rings. Therefore, this paper suggests a useful way for tuning optical absorption and molecular orbital energy levels of aryl compounds.     

A three‐crystal spectrometer for high‐energy resolution fluorescence‐detected X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and X‐ray emission spectroscopy at SSRF

A Johann‐type spectrometer for the study of high‐energy resolution fluorescence‐detected X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, X‐ray emission spectroscopy and resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering has been developed at BL14W1 X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy beamline of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The spectrometer consists of three crystal analyzers mounted on a vertical motion stage. The instrument is scanned vertically and covers the Bragg angle range of 71.5–88°. The energy resolution of the spectrometer ranges from sub‐eV to a few eV. The spectrometer has a solid angle of about 1.87 × 0^?3 of 4π sr, and the overall photons acquired by the detector could be 10⁵ counts per second for the standard sample. The performances of the spectrometer are illustrated by the three experiments that are difficult to perform with the conventional absorption or emission spectroscopy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hierarchical Mn<Subscript>1.5</Subscript>Co<Subscript>1.5</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> microspheres constructed from one-dimensional nanorods as high-performance anode material for lithium-ion battery

Mn_1.5Co_1.5O₄ hierarchical microspheres have been successfully synthesized via a solvothermal method and an annealing procedure. Mn_1.5Co_1.5O₄ exhibits advanced cycling performance, and it retains a reversible capacity of 633 mA h g^?1 at a current density of 400 mA g^?1 with a coulombic efficiency of 99.0% after 220 cycles. Its remarkable performance is attributed to the hierarchical structure assembled with nanorods, which increases the contact area between each nanorod and electrolyte. More significantly, the open space between neighboring nanorods and the pores on the surface of nanorods can improve Li⁺ ion diffusion rate. Furthermore, the nanorods have rapid one-dimensional Li⁺ diffusion channels, which not only possess a large specific surface area for high activity but accommodate the volume change during lithiation–delithiation processes. Therefore, Mn_1.5Co_1.5O₄ hierarchical microspheres can act as a promising alternative anode material for lithium-ion battery.     

激光高能X射线成像中探测器表征与电子影响研究

基于激光尾场加速电子的高能X射线源具有高光子能量与小源尺寸的特点,在高空间分辨无损检测方面发挥着十分重要的作用.在X光机上测量了CsI针状闪烁屏、锗酸铋(BGO)闪烁阵列与DRZ闪烁屏的本征空间分辨率,并模拟了三类探测器对高能X射线的能量沉积响应,其中CsI针状闪烁屏的空间分辨率高达8.7 lp/mm.采用Ta转换靶产生的高能X射线开展透视照相,能够分辨最高面密度33.0 g/cm~2的两层客体结构.开展了X射线照相、X射线与电子混合照相以及电子照相三种情况的比对实验,在X射线产额不足或探测效率不够情况下采用X射线与电子混合透视照相的方案,以牺牲对比度为代价,能较大程度地提高图像信号强度.     

On the interaction of solitons for a class of integrable systems in the spacetime R n+1

A class of integrable systems of nonlinear partial differential equations in the spacetime R ⁿ⁺¹ is introduced. Single and multi-soliton solutions are constructed by using the Darboux matrix method. It is proved that as t±, a k multi-soluton solution splits asymptotically into k single solitons. Moreover, the interaction between solitons is elastic if we consider their magnitudes only.The work is C. H. Gu supported by the Chinese National Program for fundamental research nonlinear science.