Atmospheric CO_2 capture and photofixation to near-unity CO by Ti~(3+)-V_o-Ti~(3+) sites confined in TiO_2 ultrathin layers

To realize efficient atmospheric CO_2 chemisorption and activation,abundant Ti~(3+) sites and oxygen vacancies in TiO_2 ultrathin layers were designed.Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and theoretical calculations first unveil each oxygen vacancy is associated with the formation of two Ti~(3+) sites,giving a Ti~(3+)-V_o-Ti~(3+)configuration.The Ti~(3+)-V_o-Ti~(3+) sites could bond with CO_2 molecules to form a stable configuration,which converted the endoergic chemisorption step to an exoergic process,verified by in-situ Fourier-transform infrared spectra and theoretical calculations.Also,the adjacent Ti~(3+) sites not only favor CO_2 activation into COOH*via forming a stable Ti~(3+)–C–O–Ti~(3+) configuration,but also facilitate the rate-limiting COOH~* scission to CO~* by reducing the energy barrier from 0.75 to 0.45 e V.Thus,the Ti~(3+)-V_o-TiO_2 ultrathinlayers could directly capture and photofix atmospheric CO_2 into near-unity CO,with the corresponding CO_2-to-CO conversion ratio of ca. 20.2%.     

昆明物理研究所分子束外延碲镉汞薄膜技术进展

碲镉汞(MCT)自从问世以来一直是高端红外(IR)探测器领域的首选材料,分子束外延碲镉汞技术具有低成本异质外延、材料能带精准调控、原位成结等优势,是第三代红外焦平面陈列(FPA)器件研制的重要手段。本文报道了昆明物理研究所分子束外延(MBE)MCT薄膜技术进展,包括材料结构、晶体质量、表面缺陷、材料均匀性、掺杂浓度等参数优化控制的研究结果。异质衬底、碲锌镉衬底上MCT薄膜尺寸分别为4英寸(10.16 cm)及2.5 cm×2.5 cm,材料EPD值分别在1×10⁶ cm^-2附近及(3～30)×10⁴ cm^-2范围,表面宏观缺陷密度分别在30 cm^-2附近及100～300 cm^-2范围,薄膜质量与国内外先进水平相当。采用分子束外延MCT薄膜实现了2 048×2 048中波红外(MWIR)、2 048×2 048短波甚高分辨率红外(SWIR)焦平面、640×512中短双色红外(S-MWIR)、320×256中中双色红外(M-MWIR)FPA探测器的研制和验证。     

Dipolar Glass Polymers for Capacitive Energy Storage at Room Temperatures and Elevated Temperatures

Dielectric polymers are the materials of choice for high energy density film capacitors. The increasing demand for advanced electrical systems requires dielectric polymers to operate efficiently under extreme conditions, especially at elevated temperatures. However, the low permittivity and relatively low operating temperature of dielectric polymers limit the high-temperature capacitive energy storage applications.Fortunately, dipolar glass polymers are demonstrated as the preferred materials to...     

Polarization diversity two-dimensional grating coupler on x-cut lithium niobate on insulator

We propose and demonstrate a polarization diversity two-dimensional grating coupler based on the lithium niobate on insulator platform, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The optimization design, performance characteristics,and fabrication tolerance of the two-dimensional grating coupler are thoroughly analyzed utilizing the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. Experimentally,-7.2 d B of coupling efficiency is achieved with 1 d B bandwidth of64 nm. The polarization-dependent loss is about 0.4 d B around 1550 nm. Our work provides new polarization multiplexing approaches for the lithium niobate on insulator platform, paving the way for critical applications such as high-speed polarization multiplexed electro-optical modulators.     

地层基床系数对竖井结构动力响应的影响

本文提出一种解析的方法,将竖井结构看作一端简支,一端轴向弹性支承的有限长中厚园柱壳,求得其在冲击波作用下的动力响应,着重考察了地层基床系数的影响。算例表明,当主要关心Nzx值时,竖井底部简化处理成刚性固结,没有造成很大偏差。     

One Stone Two Birds—Enantioselective Bimetallic Catalysis for α-Amino Acid Derivatives with an Allene Unit

Main observation and conclusion A highly enantioselective 2,3-allenylation of acyclic and cyclic α-imino carboxylates via a synergistic bimetallic Pd/Cu catalys...     

Spreading of Oil Droplets Containing Surfactants and Pesticides on Water Surface Based on the Marangoni Effect

Oil droplets containing surfactants and pesticides are expected to spread on a water surface, under the Marangoni effect, depending on the surfactant. Pesticides are transported into water through this phenomenon. A high-speed video camera was used to measure the movement of Marangoni ridges. Gas chromatography with an electron capture detector was used to analyze the concentration of the pesticide in water at different times. Oil droplets containing the surfactant and pesticide spread quickly on the water surface by Marangoni flow, forming an oil film and promoting emulsification of the oil–water interface, which enabled even transport of the pesticide into water, where it was then absorbed by weeds. Surfactants can decrease the surface tension of the water subphase after deposition, thereby enhancing the Marangoni effect in pesticide-containing oil droplets. The time and labor required for applying pesticides in rice fields can be greatly reduced by using the Marangoni effect to transport pesticides to the target.     

Characterization of Different Salt Forms of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Effects on Nitric Oxide Secretion by Macrophages

In this paper, chitooligosaccharides in different salt forms, such as chitooligosaccharide lactate, citrate, adipate, etc., were prepared by the microwave method. They were characterized by SEM, FTIR, NMR, etc., and the nitric oxide (NO) expression was determined in RAW 264.7 cells. The results showed that pure chitooligosaccharide was an irregular spherical shape with rough surface, and its different salt type products are amorphous solid with different honeycomb sizes. In addition to the characteristic absorption peaks of chitooligosaccharides, in FTIR, the characteristic absorption of carboxyl group, methylene group, and aromatic group in corresponding acid appeared. The characteristic absorption peaks of carbon in carboxyl group, hydrogen and carbon in methyl, methylene group, and aromatic group in corresponding acid also appeared in NMR. Therefore, the sugar ring structure and linking mode of chitooligosaccharides did not change after salt formation of chitooligosaccharides. Different salt chitooligosaccharides are completely different in promoting NO secretion by macrophages, and pure chitooligosaccharides are the best.