Design,synthesis of novel quinazolin-4-one derivatives and biological evaluation against human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line

A new series of 6,8-dibromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives VI–XIII were synthesized. Their chemical structures were confirmed by spectral and elemental analysis. The cytotoxic effect of the newly synthesized compounds was tested in vitro against human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Most of the tested compounds have shown promising cytotoxic activity. Compounds X and XIIIb exerted a powerful cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 with a very low IC50 (0.0015 and 0.0047 µmol/ml), while compounds VI, VII, VIII, XIIb, XI, XIIIc and IX exerted a moderate cytotoxic effect (IC50 0.01523, 0.0213, 0.031, 0.0478, 0.049, 0.068 and 0.079 µmol/ml respectively), compared to doxorubicin (0.0025 µmol/ml). Exploring their apoptotic effect; interestingly,all compounds activated apoptotic cascade in MCF-7. Compounds VI, XIIIb, XIIb, XI, XIIa, VII, V and VIII showed potent effect even much more than doxorubicin by 12.87–5.91 folds, while compounds XIIIc, IX, XIIIa, XIIc and X showed moderate increase in CASP3 activity by 4.96–3.22 folds relative to untreated cells more or less similar to doxorubicin (5.57 folds).     

Ultra-low-frequency dust-electromagnetic modes in self-gravitating magnetized dusty plasmas

Obliquely propagating altra-low-frequency dust-electromagnetic waves in a self-gravitating, warm, magnetized, two fluid dusty plasma system have been investigated. Two special cases, namely, dust-Alfvén mode propagating parallel to the external magnetic field and dustmagnetosonic mode propagating perpendicular to the external magnetic field have also been considered. It has been shown that effects of self-gravitational field, dust fluid temperature, and obliqueness significantly modify the dispersion properties of these ultra-low-frequency dust-electromagnetic modes. It is also found that in parallel propagating dust-Alfvén mode these effects play no role, but in obliquely propagating dust-Alfvén mode or perpendicular propagating dust-magnetosonic mode the effect of self-gravitational field plays destabilizing role whereas the effect of dust/ion fluid temperature plays stabilizing role.     

On the Finite Buffer Queue with Renewal Input and Batch Markovian Service Process: GI/BMSP/1/N

We consider a finite-buffer single-server queue with renewal input where the service is provided in batches of random size according to batch Markovian service process (BMSP). Steady-state distribution of number of customers in the system at pre-arrival and arbitrary epochs have been obtained along with some important performance measures. The model has potential applications in the areas of computer networks, telecommunication systems, and manufacturing systems, etc.      

Determination of heavy metals in air conditioner dust using FAAS and INAA

The elements Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined in dust samples collected from air conditioner (AC) filters from 15 commercial sites of Lahore using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). The elements Cr, Mn and Zn were also determined using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The results obtained showed that higher amounts of these metals were measured in these dust samples than normally found in soil. This was especially true for Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. Generally the amounts of Cd, Cr and Mn did not vary throughout the city of Lahore but the amounts of the traffic related Cu, Pb and Zn elements had the more variable ranges of 30–140, 30–230 and 74–2810 mg/kg respectively. The concentrations obtained for Cr, Mn and Zn by INAA were found to be higher than those obtained using FAAS. Analysis of the data obtained showed the digestion procedure employed to be the possible cause for this occurrence. It was also found that Mn was being over-estimated by INAA due to the interference from the Mg peak.     

Thermal stability and band gap study of heavy metal oxy-sulfide glass system

Novel oxy-sulfide glass system xPbS-(73 ? x) Bi₂O₃–27B₂O₃ with 6.06 ≤ x ≤ 36.35 named lead sulfide bismuth borate (LSBB) was prepared using normal melt and quench-casting technique. Phase transition temperatures t _g, t _x, t _pi, and t _l were noted from the DTA curves. Glass transition temperature t _g varied from 306 ± 2 to 336 ± 2 °C and the onset of crystallization temperatures t _x was between 331 ± 2 and 402 ± 2 °C. The glasses melted in the range 523 ± 2 to 597 ± 2 °C. The ratio t _g /t _l showed that compositions reported conform to the two-third law of glass formation. Hruby’s coefficient H _r witnessed the thermal stability of the system and that LSBB4 was most stable and glass formability factor k _gl showed that composition LSBB1–LSBB6 can easily corroborate vitreous state. The direct band gap energy varied from 1.56 to 3.07 eV, while indirect band gap energy for the fundamental absorption edge was 0.21–1.31 eV. Absorption edges obeyed Urbach rule. A broad range of band tailing was exhibited confirming amorphous state of the system.     

Non-local symmetries of first-order equations

It is shown how one can transform scalar first-order ordinarydifferential equations which admit non-local symmetries of theexponential type to integrable equations admitting canonicalexponential non-local symmetries. As examples we invoke theAbel equation of the second kind, the Riccati equation and naturalgeneralizations of these. Moreover, our method describes howa double reduction of order for a second-order ordinary differentialequation which admits a two-dimensional Lie algebra of generatorsof point symmetries can be affected if the second-order equationis first reduced in order once by a symmetry which does notspan an ideal of the two-dimensional Lie algebra.