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41.
Carbon dioxide reforming (CDR) of methane to synthesis gas over supported nickel catalysts has been reviewed. The present
review mainly focuses on the advantage of ceria based nickel catalysts for the CDR of methane. Nickel catalysts supported
on ceria–zirconia showed the highest activity for CDR than nickel supported on other oxides such as zirconia, ceria and alumina.
The addition of zirconia to ceria enhances the catalytic activity as well as the catalyst stability. The catalytic performance
also depends on the crystal structure of Ni–Ce–ZrO2. For example, nickel catalysts co-precipitated with Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 having cubic phase gave synthesis gas with CH4 conversion more than 97% at 800 °C and the activity was maintained for 100 h during the reaction. On the contrary, Ni–Ce–ZrO2 having tetragonal phase (Ce0.8Zr0.2O2) or mixed oxide phase (Ce0.5Zr0.5O2) deactivated during the reaction due to carbon formation. The enhanced catalytic performance of co-precipitated catalyst
is attributed to a combination effect of nano-crystalline nature of cubic Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 support and the finely dispersed nano size NiO
x
crystallites, resulting in the intimate contact between Ni and Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 particles. The Ni/Ce–ZrO2/θ–Al2O3 also exhibited high catalytic activity during CDR with a synthesis gas conversion more than 97% at 800 °C without significant
deactivation for more than 40 h. The high stability of the catalyst is mainly ascribed to the beneficial pre-coating of Ce–ZrO2 resulting in the existence of stable NiO
x
species, a strong interaction between Ni and the support, and an abundance of mobile oxygen species in itself. TPR results
further confirmed that NiO
x
formation was more favorable than NiO or NiAl2O4 formation and further results suggested the existence of strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) between Ni and the support.
Some of the important factors to optimize the CDR of methane such as reaction temperature, space velocity, feed CO2/CH4 ratio and H2O and/or O2 addition were also examined. 相似文献
42.
43.
Srinivas Kantevari Mahankhali Venu Chary Srinivasu V. N. Vuppalapati N. Lingaiah 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》2008,45(4):1099-1102
A highly efficient, microwave‐assisted, regioselective synthesis of 2,3‐disubstituted‐6‐arylpyridines and new series of 7,7‐dimethyl‐2‐aryl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinoline‐5‐ones from enaminones in the presence of K5CoW12O40.3H2O (1.0 mol %) as heterogeneous catalyst under solvent free conditions is reported. 相似文献
44.
In this paper an attempt is made to apply results from linear systems theory and Liapunov stability theory to analyze a class of linear economic models. For a quadratic performance index, the Riccati equation can be used to derive the optimal control law in closed-loop form. Once the system is synthesized, the second method of Liapunov can be used to study the transient behaviour of the system. The approach is illustrated through two simple economic models. 相似文献
45.
Butt Momina Rangacharyulu Chary Chorney Dave Zimmer Jeff 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2018,317(2):891-896
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - We present the results of gamma ray yield measurements from the neutron induced fission of natural uranium at a low power research reactor. Our... 相似文献
46.
47.
A practical & efficient reagent system LiCl/NaBH4 is used for the production of amines from azides is described. 相似文献
48.
J Yu S Chary S Das J Tamelier KL Turner JN Israelachvili 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2012,28(31):11527-11534
Geckos have developed a unique hierarchical structure to maintain climbing ability on surfaces with different roughness, one of the extremely important parameters that affect the friction and adhesion forces between two surfaces. Although much attention has been paid on fabricating various structures that mimic the hierarchical structure of a gecko foot, yet no systematic effort, in experiment or theory, has been made to quantify the effect of surface roughness on the performance of the fabricated structures that mimic the hierarchical structure of geckos. Using a modified surface forces apparatus (SFA), we measured the adhesion and friction forces between microfabricated tilted PDMS flaps and optically smooth SiO(2) and rough SiO(2) surfaces created by plasma etching. Anisotropic adhesion and friction forces were measured when sliding the top glass surface along (+y) and against (-y) the tilted direction of the flaps. Increasing the surface roughness first increased the adhesion and friction forces measured between the flaps and the rough surface due to topological matching of the two surfaces but then led to a rapid decrease in both of these forces. Our results demonstrate that the surface roughness significantly affects the performance of gecko mimetic adhesives and that different surface textures can either increase or decrease the adhesion and friction forces of the fabricated adhesives. 相似文献
49.
Akula Raghunadh Suresh Babu Meruva Ramamohan Mekala K. Raghavendra Rao Thalishetti Krishna R. Gangadhara Chary L. Vaikunta Rao U.K. Syam Kumar 《Tetrahedron letters》2014
An efficient synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted 1,3-pyrazole derivatives has been developed via three-component coupling reaction involving 3-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one, hydrazine, and aryl halides in one pot process exhibiting high regioselectivity. The pyrazole synthesis proceeds via a sequential series of reactions such as Michael addition, heterocyclization, dehydration, and Ullmann cross-coupling. 相似文献
50.
Formal synthesis of ethisolide and iso-avenaciolide was achieved using furanoid glycal-vinyl radical intermediates. The vinyl radical cyclization by 5-exo-dig mode gave the cis-fused bicyclic systems with an efficient introduction of the exo-methylene group, besides helping in the inversion of the adjacent stereocentre. Further, the study describes the synthesis of cis-fused bicyclic systems from L-arabinose and D-xylose for the creation of diverse natural and synthetic products of this class. 相似文献