基于大类招生培养模式的化学人才培养方案和课程体系设计

大类招生培养是以学生为本的培养模式的改革。在此背景下我校化学学科制订了以满足学生多样化需求为导向的人才培养方案,构建了一个包括公共基础课、通识课、学科通修课、多层次的实践类课程、模块化的专业方向性课程以及突显学科优势的选修课在内的课程体系,并完善了配套的保障机制。     

Label-free visual detection of nucleic acids in biological samples with single-base mismatch detection capability

We have combined an allosteric molecular beacon for target recognition and guanine-rich DNAzyme for signal amplification to develop a new platform for visual detection of nucleic acids with single-base mismatch detection capability. The fully DNA-structured platform can undergo color change in response to target DNA/RNA, which enables sensitive and selective visual detection in biological samples.     

Graphene oxide-protected DNA probes for multiplex microRNA analysis in complex biological samples based on a cyclic enzymatic amplification method

Based on graphene oxide-protected DNA probes, we have developed a cyclic enzymatic amplification method for sensitive miRNA detection in complex biological samples. By using the quenching nature of graphene oxide for multiple fluorophores, this method can distinguish highly similar miRNA sequences and detect them simultaneously.     

DNA Nanolithography Enables a Highly Ordered Recognition Interface in a Microfluidic Chip for the Efficient Capture and Release of Circulating Tumor Cells

Microfluidic chips with nano‐scale structures have shown great potential, but the fabrication and cost issues restrict their application. Herein, we propose a conceptually new “DNA nanolithography in a microfluidic chip” by using sub‐10 nm three‐dimensional DNA structures (TDNs) as frameworks with a pendant aptamer at the top vertex (ApTDN‐Chip). The nano‐scale framework ensures that the aptamer is in a highly ordered upright orientation, avoiding the undesired orientation or crowding effects caused by conventional microfluidic interface fabrication processes. Compared with a monovalent aptamer modified chip, the capture efficiency of ApTDN‐Chip was enhanced nearly 60 % due to the highly precise dimension and rigid framework of TDNs. In addition, the scaffolds make DNase I more accessible to the aptamer with up to 83 % release efficiency and 91 % cell viability, which is fully compatible with downstream molecular analysis. Overall, this strategy provides a novel perspective on engineering nano‐scaffolds to achieve a more ordered nano‐topography of microfluidic chips.     

Molecularly imprinted stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for trace analysis of sulfa drugs in complex samples

A novel sulfamethazine molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-coated stir bar for sorptive extraction of eight sulfa drugs from biological samples was prepared. The MIP-coating was about 20 μm thickness with the relative standard deviation (RSD) of 6.7% (n = 10). It was characterized by scanning electron microscope, infrared spectrum, thermogravimetric analysis, and solvent-resistant investigation, respectively. The non-imprinted polymer (NIP)-coating was used for comparison. The adsorptive capacity and selectivity of MIP-coating were evaluated in detail. The MIP-coating showed higher adsorption capability and selectivity than the NIP-coating. The saturated adsorption amount of the MIP-coating was 4.6 times over that of the NIP-coating in toluene. Sulfamethazine could be detected after the MIP-coated stir bar sorptive extraction even at a low concentration of 0.2 μg/L. The MIP-coating also exhibited selective adsorption ability to analogues of the template. A method for the determination of eight sulfa drugs in biological samples by MIP coated stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed. The extraction conditions, including extraction solvent, extraction time, desorption solvent, desorption time and stirring speed, were optimized. The linear ranges were 1.0-100 μg/L and 2.0-100 μg/L for eight sulfonamides, respectively. The detection limits were within the range of 0.20-0.72 μg/L. The method was successfully applied to simultaneous multi-residue analysis of eight sulfonamides in spiked pork, liver and chicken samples with the satisfactory recoveries.     

Electronic circular dichroism of some double-helical alkynyl cyclophanes with 1,1′-binaphthyl auxiliaries investigated using time-dependent density functional calculations

For several double-helical molecules, the dependence of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra on the molecular and electronic structures is investigated on the basis of TDDFT computations with the B3LYP hybrid functional. The calculations of a model molecule reveal that an acute-angled rotational dihedral angle other than an obtuse-angled rotational dihedral angle between two naphthyls implies Davydov splitting of exciton coupling. For the R enantiomers, the acute-angled rotational dihedral angle implies a negative lowest-energy Cotton effect, which is induced by electron density transfer from binaphthyls to phenyethynyls in the S_0?→?S₄ excitations. Due to the large positive rotational strength of the S_0?→?S₁ transition, the lowest-energy Cotton effect of the simplest cyclophane R-1 is positive, where the electron density transfer from phenyethynyls to binaphthyls plays an important role.     

某型飞机机载计算机检测仪测试软件设计

针对引俄检测仪规定的机载计算机硬件检测功能和作战训练对机载计算机软件逻辑功能校验的需求,设计了基于嵌入式计算机平台和虚拟测试环境的计算机检测仪测试软件。阐述了检测仪的总体结构,较为详细的介绍了检测仪软件的组成、运行流程和控制状态设计,软件设计过程中采用了逆向工程、双语兼容和被测软件模板对比等关键技术。该测试软件已经在某型飞机机载计算机检测仪安装使用,实用证明其操作方便,运行稳定可靠,能够提高训练和作战准备工作的效率。     

核酸适体在生物医学中的应用*

核酸适体是经配体指数富集系统进化技术（SELEX）筛选获得的一类能够特异性地结合离子、分子,甚至整个细胞的单链DNA或者RNA分子。本文介绍了核酸适体及相关筛选技术SELEX;综述了近年来以提高筛选效率和效果为目标的核酸适体筛选技术新进展;列举了核酸适体在无机离子、小分子、生物大分子和肿瘤细胞检测、肿瘤标记物的发现等方面的应用;讨论了基于核酸适体的靶向治疗策略;最后对核酸适体在生物医学上的应用前景进行了展望。