管式炉燃烧–碘量库仑滴定法测定石油焦中总硫含量

建立一种管式炉内燃烧石油焦样品前处理,然后用自动碘量库仑滴定法测定石油焦中总硫含量的方法。探讨了影响实验结果的因素,电解液采用10 m L冰乙酸溶解于250 m L蒸馏水中,避光保存,实验环境温度为20℃以上,电解液中搅拌转子的转速为500 r/min。在优化的实验条件下,测定结果的相对标准偏差在2.36%~3.94%(n=6)之间,3种石油焦样品加标回收率在82.0%~101.5%之间。该方法可应用于石油焦中总硫含量的测定。     

山西清徐地裂缝形变的InSAR监测分析

山西清徐地裂缝是近年汾渭盆地中活动最为剧烈的地裂缝之一,对耕地、道路和建筑物均造成了严重的破坏。为了监测该地裂缝的活动特征并推测其活动原因,采用差分合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术对该区域的地表形变进行了面状监测。由于受农田覆盖导致的严重时间去相干的影响,本文采用2007年时隔仅为70d的两景Envisat ASAR数据进行了解算,获取了该时间段清徐地区的整体地表形变,特别是清徐地裂缝两侧的形变梯度信息。结果显示: 清徐地裂缝南侧有一个长轴约为2km的地面沉降区域。进一步通过两条平行于地裂缝的剖线和多条垂直于地裂缝的剖线对该地裂缝形变的空间特征进行了分析,结果显示: 清徐地裂缝南侧为主要的形变区域,地裂缝最大的影响宽度达100m,而且地裂缝的不同地段的活动强度也不同, 70d的最大差异形变达5cm。从地裂缝与断裂的空间来看,该地裂缝位置受到交城断裂的控制,而推测近年地裂缝的异常活动则源于地裂缝南侧沉降中心的出现。     

An investigation into synergistic effects of rare earth oxides on intumescent flame retardancy of polypropylene/poly (octylene‐co‐ethylene) blends

Synergistic effects of two kinds of rare earth oxides (REOs), neodymium oxide (Nd₂O₃) or lanthanum oxide (La₂O₃) on the intumescent flame retardancy of thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) made by polypropylene/poly (octylene‐co‐ethylene) blends were investigated systemically by various methods. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of flame retardant TPO (FRTPO) filled by 30 wt% intumescent flame retardants (IFR) composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol (PER) has been increased from 30 to 32.5 and 33.5 when 0.5 wt% of IFR was substituted by La₂O₃ and Nd₂O₃, respectively. Cone calorimetry tests also reveal the existence of synergistic effects. Thermalgravimetric analyses (TGA) demonstrate that the presence of REOs promotes the esterification and carbonization process in low‐temperature range while enhances the thermal stability of IFR and FRTPO in high‐temperature range. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) reveals that the interaction of Nd₂O₃ with IFR results in the formation of neodymium phosphate (NdP₅O₁₄) with high‐thermal stability. Thermal scanning rheological tests show that the presence of REOs increases complex viscosity of FRTPO in the temperature range of 190～300°C so as to suppress melt dripping but decreases the complex viscosity and increases the loss factors tan δ in temperature range of 300～400°C to make the carbonaceous strucuture more flexible and viscous to resist stress, expand better and keep intact. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Determination of microcystin-LR in drinking water using UPLC tandem mass spectrometry-matrix effects and measurement

A simple detection method using ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS-MS) coupled with the sample dilution method for determining trace microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in drinking water is presented. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.04 μg/L and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.1 μg/L. Water matrix effects of ionic strength, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and pH were examined. The results indicate that signal detection intensity for MC-LR was significantly suppressed as the ionic strength increased from ultrapure water condition, whereas it increased slightly with solution pH and DOC at low concentrations. However, addition of methanol (MeOH) into the sample was able to counter the signal suppression effects. In this study, dilution of the tap water sample by adding 4% MeOH (v/v) was observed to be adequate to compensate for the signal suppression. The recoveries of the samples fortified with MC-LR (0.2, 1, and 10 μg/L) for three different tap water samples ranged from 84.4% to 112.9%.     

Chemical Diversity and Potential Target Network of Woody Peony Flower Essential Oil from Eleven Representative Cultivars (Paeonia × suffruticosa Andr.)

Woody peony (Paeonia × suffruticosa Andr.) has many cultivars with genetic variances. The flower essential oil is valued in cosmetics and fragrances. This study was to investigate the chemical diversity of essential oils of eleven representative cultivars and their potential target network. Hydro-distillation afforded yields of 0.11–0.25%. Essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID which identified 105 compounds. Three clusters emerged from multivariate analysis, representative of phloroglucinol trimethyl ether (‘Caihui’), citronellol (‘Jingyu’, ‘Zhaofen’ and ‘Baiyuan Zhenghui’) and mixed (the rest of the cultivars) chemotypes. ‘Zhaofen’ and ‘Jingyu’ also exhibited low levels of other rose-related compounds. The main components were subjected to a target network approach. Drug-likeness screening gave 20 compounds with predictive blood–brain barrier permeation. Compound target network identified six key compounds, namely nerol, citronellol, geraniol, geranic acid, cis-3-hexen-1-ol and 1-hexanol. Top enriched terms in GO, KEGG and DisGeNET were mostly related to the central nervous system (CNS). Protein—protein interactions revealed a core network of 14 targets, 11 of which were CNS-related (targets for antidepressants, analgesics, antipsychotics, anti-Alzheimer’s and anti-Parkinson’s agents). This work provides useful information on the production of woody peony essential oils with specific chemotypes and reveals their potential importance in aromatherapy for alternative treatment of CNS disorders.     

A distribution space for Fourier transform

A space Df is constructed and some characterizations of space Df are given. It is shown that the classical Fourier transform is extended to the distribution space Df, which can be embedded into the Schwartz distribution space D＇ continuously. It is also shown that D＇f is the biggest embedded subspace of D on which the extended Fourier transform, f, is a homeomorphism of D＇f onto itself.     

双-β-二酮缩甘氨酸合双铜(Ⅱ)配合物的合成及非等温热分解反应动力学

报导１，４－双（１′－苯基－３′－甲基－５′－氧代吡唑－４′－基）丁二酮双缩甘氨酸合双铜（Ⅱ）配合物的合成及热分解反应动力学．运用Ａｃｈａｒ法与Ｃｏａｔｓ－Ｒｅｄｆｅｒｎ法对非等温动力学数据进行分析，求得配合物非等温热分解反应的活化能Ｅ＝１６５．１３ＫＪ·ｍｏｌ－１，其动力学方程为ｄα／ｄｔ＝３／２Ａｅ－Ｅ／ＲＴ（１－α）４／３［１／（１－α）１／３－１］－１．动力学补偿效应表达式为ｌｎＡ＝－０．２６９８Ｅ＋０．１９４２．     

Wetting in hydrophobic nanochannels: a challenge of classical capillarity

We report an investigation of the water-hydrophobic interface in well-defined nanochannels (R approximately 2-4 nm). Wetting in these systems cannot be described by classical (macroscopic) capillary theory: (1) water occupies only a fraction ( approximately 60%) of the pore volume, and (2) the capillary pressures are approximately 60-90% greater than predicted by the Laplace equation. The results suggest the presence of approximately 0.6 nm layer of low-density fluid (vapor) separating water from the hydrophobic solid.     

Anion exchanger as a reaction/separation medium-absorptiometric determination of trace amounts of boron in waters by on-line complexation with chromotropic acid presorbed on the anion-exchange column

A novel method of on-line absorptiometric determination for trace amounts of boron was developed based on the complexation with chromotropic acid presorbed on an anion-exchange column. On-line reaction and separation were achieved by controlling pH conditions in solutions to accelerate the 1:2 complex formation in the concentration process at pH 3 and to stabilize the complex in the separation process at pH 8. About 75% of the boron introduced into the stream was kinetically collected as the 1:2 complex on the column under the experimental conditions. The 1:2 complex was satisfactorily separated from excess reagent and matrix components by changing the concentration of NaClO4 in the eluent and its peak height on the chromatogram monitored at 350 nm was used for calibration. The sensitivity could be enhanced by increasing the sample amount introduced and the detection limits (3sigma) were 162 ng dm(-3) and 45 ng dm(-3) of boron, when 5.0 cm3 and 13.4 cm3 of the samples were used, respectively. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of boron in samples of river water, tap water and ion-exchanged water.     

Structural characteristics and growth of pentagonal silver nanorods prepared by a surfactant method

The crystal structure and growth mechanism of silver nanorods prepared by a seed-mediated surfactant method using the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium tosylate (CTAT) and its wormlike micelles are characterized by conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Depending on the nanorod orientations, two types of electron diffraction patterns are obtained from a truncated decahedral structure consisting of five crystal units packing along [111] twining planes with five [111] planes on each end and five circumferential [001] side surfaces parallel to a <110> longitudinal direction. High-resolution images of the nanorods and the corresponding Fourier transform patterns confirm the results from the morphological and diffraction analyses. The silver nanorods grow only from multiply twinned decahedral seeds, and the high selectivity of surfactant attachment results in a barrier to the transfer of silver atoms from the solution to the circumferential [100] planes. Blockage of circumferential growth causes the aspect ratio of the rod to grow.