高温超导体制备条件的人工神经网络识别

高温超导体的制备条件要求严格,其掺杂量大小、烧结温度控制等都直接影响实验样本的超导性质。近几年高温超导研究已积累大量实验数据,如何应用人工智能方法处理这些数据寻找更好的合成条件颇有意义。人工神经网络方法在许多领域己显示其处理复杂数据和模式识别的优越性,但尚未应用到化合物制备研究方面。本文对此作了初步尝试。     

波纹状银纳米线的制备及其SERS性能研究

首先通过传统的多元醇方法合成了表面光滑的银纳米线,然后利用Fe（NO₃）₃作为刻蚀剂在室温条件下对合成的银纳米线进行刻蚀得到了具有波纹状表面的银纳米线. 通过扫描电镜（SEM）分析表明：银纳米线的表面粗糙程度随着刻蚀剂量的增加而增加,但过量的刻蚀剂又会导致纳米线的断裂甚至形成球状颗粒;当刻蚀剂的量为100 μL时,获得了波纹状表面的银纳米线. 对结晶紫（CV）的表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）结果表明,这种波纹状银纳米线的拉曼信号强度比表面光滑的银纳米线提高了约5倍,其检测限可低至10^-10 mol/L. 此外,这种优势还可以延伸到敏感性检测10^-9 mol/L的对巯基吡啶（4-Mpy）分子,可以作为一种普适、有效的SERS活性基底.     

Electromagnetic properties and microwave absorption enhancement of Ba0.85RE0.15Co2Fe16O27-polyaniline composites: RE = Gd,Tb, Ho

The Gd-, Tb-, and Ho-doped W-type hexagonal ferrite Ba_0.85RE_0.15Co₂Fe₁₆O₂₇ was fabricated by a facile route of low-temperature sol–gel self-propagating combustion. Furthermore, a combination of dielectric loss phase polyaniline and magnetic loss phase Ba_0.85RE_0.15Co₂Fe₁₆O₂₇ as the microwave absorber in a core-shell architecture has been synthesized. The effect of different lanthanide ions Gd, Tb, and Ho on their microstructure, static magnetic properties, electromagnetic properties, and microwave reflection loss have been systematically studied. Our results show that the Ho-doped ferrite has the low microstructure parameters (a, c, and V) and high saturation magnetization (Ms) attributed to its ionic radius and magnetic moment. Moreover, it was found that the Ho-doped composite exhibited excellent microwave absorbing property with a minimum reflection loss (RL) of about ?15.1 dB at 9.4 GHz. The reflection loss of composite increases up to almost triple upon the combination of polyaniline and doped ferrite. Such lightweight and highly effective absorbers via combining the organic and inorganic phase into a core-shell architecture are highly desirable for microwave absorber in various applications. Figure

The synthesis and properties of the PANI/REBF composites     

A Multi‐signal Fluorescent Probe with Multiple Binding Sites for Simultaneous Sensing of Cysteine,Homocysteine, and Glutathione

A novel fluorescent probe was developed by integrating chlorinated coumarin and benzothiazolylacetonitrile and exploited for simultaneous detection of cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH). Featuring four binding sites and different reaction mechanisms for different biothiols, this probe exhibited rapid fluorescence turn‐on for distinguishing Cys, Hcy, and GSH with 108‐, 128‐, 30‐fold fluorescence increases at 457, 559, 529 nm, respectively, across different excitation wavelengths. Furthermore, the probe was successfully applied to the fluorescence imaging of endogenous Cys and GSH and exogenous Cys, Hcy, and GSH in living cells.     

Rational Fabrication of Anti‐Freezing,Non‐Drying Tough Organohydrogels by One‐Pot Solvent Displacement

Tough hydrogels, polymeric network structures with excellent mechanical properties (such as high stretchability and toughness), are emerging soft materials. Despite their remarkably mechanical features, tough hydrogels exhibit two flaws (freezing around the icing temperatures of water and drying under arid conditions). Inspired by cryoprotectants (CPAs) used in the inhibition of the icing of water in biological samples, a versatile and straightforward method is reported to fabricate extreme anti‐freezing, non‐drying CPA‐based organohydrogels with long‐term stability by partially displacing water molecules within the pre‐fabricated hydrogels. CPA‐based Ca‐alginate/polyacrylamide (PAAm) tough hydrogels were successfully fabricated with glycerol, glycol, and sorbitol. The CPA‐based organohydrogels remain unfrozen and mechanically flexible even up to ?70 °C and are stable under ambient conditions or even vacuum.     

单分散磁性纳米颗粒的制备及生物高分子在其上的组装

磁性纳米颗粒因其潜在的生物医学应用价值而成为纳米生物材料领域研究的前沿。本文综述了单分散磁性纳米颗粒的制备方法以及生物高分子在磁性纳米颗粒上的组装的研究进展。     

硅胶-氧化铝层析柱-气相色谱法测定沉积物中邻苯二甲酸酯类有机物

建立了硅胶-氧化铝层析柱净化分离,GC—MS、GC—FID定性定量分析沉积物样品邻苯二甲酸酯类有机污染物Phthalate esters（PAEs）的方法。比较了Florisil、硅胶、氧化铝和硅胶-氧化铝层析柱对PAEs分离特征;优化了硅胶-氧化铝层析柱净化分离PAEs的条件。方法线性范围0．05～500μg/g,回收率75.3％～113．6％,相对标准偏差2．74％～12．2％,检出限0．29～1．2ng／g。内标法定量,应用于珠江口沉积物样品中PAEs测定,获得满意的结果。     

8-氨基喹啉-5-磺酸-示波计时电位法快速测定天然水体中锌形态

报道了8-氨基喹啉-5-磺酸(简称8-AQS)-示波计时电位法分别在酸性和碱性条件下测定了天然水样中的锌浓度,发现在酸性下测定的是无机不安定态锌c(Zni),而在碱性下测定的是总溶解态锌c(Zna)。并用该法测定了酸消化水样中的总锌c(ZnT),由c(Zna)-c(Zni)间接得到有机安定态c(Zn0),c(ZnT)-c(Zna)得到颗粒态酸溶态锌c(ZnT),据此可以实现对五种锌形态的区分。测定了10多个实际水样,与经典的离子交换-AES方法进行了对照,结果基本一致。     

脑啡肽的固相合成与LC-MS/MS分离鉴定

多肽在生命过程中扮演着重要的角色,对其生理生化功能的研究与应用,离不开对单一多肽物质的需求,而化学合成法是获取目标多肽的最有效方法之一。对合成产物的分离与鉴定,是优化合成条件,以得到高产率的重要保证。以两种内源性神经肽亮氨酸脑啡肽和甲硫氨酸脑啡肽为模型,利用Fmoc固相多肽合成策略对其进行合成,并建立了HPLC-ESI-MS/MS新方法用于所制备的亮氨酸脑啡肽和甲硫氨酸脑啡肽的分离与结构鉴定。研究结果显示,主要合成产物均为目标多肽,副产物主要包括C端丢失1个氨基酸所形成的四肽,以及由于甲硫氨酸残基氧化而形成的含甲硫氨酸亚砜的多肽。该研究为高效合成含敏感氨基酸的生理活性多肽提供了新信息。     

A Novel C22 Terpenoid from the Cultured Perovskia atriplicifolia

A novel terpenoid, named perovskiaol ( 1 ), was isolated from the cultured Perovskia atriplicifolia. Its structure was elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis as well as by quantum chemical computation of electronic circular dichroism spectra. Perovskiaol ( 1 ) was a novel C₂₂ terpenoid containing a unique D‐ring simultaneously fused with rings A, B, and C, and encountered in nature for the first time. Cytotoxic bioassay suggested perovskiaol ( 1 ) possessed significant cytotoxic activity inhibiting NB4, A549, and HepG 2 cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 2.35, 1.47, and 0.81 μm , respectively.