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961.
A microwave-assisted parallel synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted 5-aminoimidazoles has been developed. Significant rate enhancement was observed for all steps in the three-step protocol. The overall reaction time was shortened to 25 min, as compared to 53 h for the conventional procedures. A representative set of 2,4-disubstituted 5-aminoimidazoles was prepared using commercially available parallel reactors. 相似文献
962.
Sin KK Chan CP Pang TH Seydack M Renneberg R 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2006,384(3):638-644
Nanocrystals of the fluorogenic precursor fluorescein diacetate (FDA) were applied as labels in order to improve on the assay
sensitivity achieved in our previous studies. Each FDA nanocrystal can be converted into ∼2.6×106 fluorescein molecules, which is useful for improving immunoassay sensitivity and limits of detection. NeutrAvidin was simply
adsorbed onto the surface of the FDA nanocrystals, which were coated with distearoylglycerophosphoethanolamine (DSPE) modified
with amino(poly(ethylene glycol))(PEG(2000)-Amine) as an interface for coupling biomolecules. This can be applied to detect
different kinds of analytes that are captured by corresponding biotinylated biomolecules in different bioanalytical applications.
The applicability of the NeutrAvidin-labeled nanocrystals was demonstrated in an immunoassay using the labeled avidin–biotin
technique. Biotinylated antibody and FDA-labeled avidin were applied to the assay sequentially. The performance was compared
with the traditional sandwich-type assay for mouse immunoglobulin G detection. Following the immunoreaction, the nanocrystals
were released by hydrolysis and dissolution instigated by adding a large volume of organic solvent/sodium hydroxide mixture.
The limit of detection was lower (by a factor of 2.5–21) and the sensitivity was (3.5–30-fold) higher than immunoassays using
commercial labeling systems (FITC and peroxidase). This study shows that using fluorescent nanocrystals in combination with
the avidin–biotin technique can enhance assay sensitivity and provide a lower limit of detection without requiring long incubation
times as in enzyme-based labels. 相似文献
963.
Liu HX Sun SQ Lv GH Chan KK 《Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy》2006,64(2):321-326
In order to develop a rapid and effective analysis method for studying integrally the main constituents in the medicinal materials and their extracts, discriminating the extracts from different extraction process, comparing the categories of chemical constituents in the different extracts and monitoring the qualities of medicinal materials, we applied Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) associated with second derivative infrared spectroscopy and two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2D-IR) to study the main constituents in traditional Chinese medicine Angelica and its different extracts (extracted by petroleum ether, ethanol and water in turn). The findings indicated that FT-IR spectrum can provide many holistic variation rules of chemical constituents. Use of the macroscopical fingerprint characters of FT-IR and 2D-IR spectrum can not only identify the main chemical constituents in medicinal materials and their different extracts, but also compare the components differences among the similar samples. This analytical method is highly rapid, effective, visual and accurate for pharmaceutical research. 相似文献
964.
Tong H Dong Y Häussler M Lam JW Sung HH Williams ID Sun J Tang BZ 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2006,(10):1133-1135
Nonemissive fulvenes can be induced to luminesce by aggregate formation, with the crystalline aggregates emitting bluer lights more intensely than their amorphous counterparts. 相似文献
965.
966.
967.
H.K. Lam 《Physics letters. A》2010,374(4):552-556
This Letter presents the chaos synchronization of two discrete-time generalized Hénon map, namely the drive and response systems. A polynomial controller is proposed to drive the system states of the response system to follow those of the drive system. The system stability of the error system formed by the drive and response systems and the synthesis of the polynomial controller are investigated using the sum-of-squares (SOS) technique. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, stability conditions in terms of SOS are derived to guarantee the system stability and facilitate the controller synthesis. By satisfying the SOS-based stability conditions, chaotic synchronization is achieved. The solution of the SOS-based stability conditions can be found numerically using the third-party Matlab toolbox SOSTOOLS. A simulation example is given to illustrate the merits of the proposed polynomial control approach. 相似文献
968.
X.?Y.?Chen C.?T.?Yip M.?K.?Fung A.?B.?Djuri?i? W.?K.?Chan 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2010,100(1):15-19
GaN nanowires typically exhibit high electron mobility and excellent chemical stability. However, stability of GaN is detrimental
for successful attachment of dye molecules and its application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Here we demonstrate
DSSCs based on GaN/gallium oxide and GaN/TiO
x
core–shell structures, and we show that coating of GaN nanowires with a TiO
x
shell significantly increases dye adsorption and consequently photovoltaic performance. The best cells exhibited short circuit
current density of 1.83 mA/cm2 and power conversion efficiency of 0.44% under AM 1.5 simulated solar illumination. 相似文献
969.
We experimentally demonstrate the first metamaterial "illusion optics" device--an "invisible gateway" by using a transmission-line medium. The device contains an open channel that can block waves at a particular frequency range. We also demonstrate that such a device can work in a broad frequency range. 相似文献
970.
It was known experimentally that type B orientation, which is rotated 180° about the [111] axis, dominated the heteroepitaxial growth of Ge(111) on a CaF2(111) substrate at an elevated temperature. We performed first principles calculations using density functional theory to determine the energetics of the Ge(111)/CaF2(111) interface and found that the type B orientation of the Ge film is most likely a result of a direct bonding between Ge atoms and Ca2+ at the CaF2 surface with the top F? layer depleted. Our theoretical prediction is supported by our X-ray diffraction experiments on {111} < 121> biaxially textured Ge/CaF2 samples. 相似文献