光辐射吸收材料表面形貌与吸收率关系研究

光辐射吸收材料不同的表面形貌对入射光具有不同的多重反射吸收效果,对光辐射的吸收有较大的影响,合适的表面形貌可以提高光辐射有效吸收率.本文通过光线追迹的方法对V形表面、正弦表面、具有正态倾角(平均倾角)分布的表面以及具有正态高度分布的表面进行模拟, 分析了这四种表面对光辐射吸收率的提升效果及其入射角特性.通过倾角分布分析,得出不同表面形貌提升吸收率共同的必要条件,即倾角中心分布至少大于30°,并指出V形表面在正入射时对吸收率提升的优越性. 关键词： 光吸收材料 表面形貌 吸收率 表面倾角分布     

Preparation and characterization of bifunctional, Fe3O4/ZnO nanocomposites and their use as photocatalysts

Bifunctional magnetic-optical Fe₃O₄/ZnO nanocomposites with different molar ratio were successfully synthesized by a facile two-step strategy. Compared with the other methods, it was found to be mild, inexpensive, green, convenient and efficient. Fe₃O₄ nanocrystal was used as seed for the deposit and growth of ZnO nanoparticle. A series of the characterizations manifested that the combination of Fe₃O₄ with ZnO nanoparticles was successful. Photocatalytic activity studies confirmed that as-prepared nanocomposites had excellent photodegradating behavior to Methyl Orange (MO) compared to the pure ZnO nanoparticles. The results showed that the degradation percentage of MO was about 93.6% for 1 h when the amount of catalyst was 0.51 g L⁻¹ and initial concentration of MO was 6 × 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹ in the pH 7 solution. Moreover, the kinetics of photocatalytic degradation reaction could be expressed by the first-order reaction kinetic model. Furthermore, the Fe₃O₄/ZnO nanocomposites could be also served as convenient recyclable photocatalysts because of their magnetic properties.     

Effect of tensile stress on the variation of magnetic field of low-alloy steel

The surface magnetic field intensity H_p(y) of low-carbon steel plate specimen was measured after tensile test and unloading; variation of H_p(y) was studied. It was found that H_p(y) signals first decreased with increase in stress, and then reversed to the initial field when the stress was greater than 160 MPa. Under yield stress, H_p(y) reached its maximum, and then decreased slightly with further increase in stress. The initial magnetic signals have great impact on the variation of magnetic field.     

Control the revisit time of the electron wave packet

Ionization of molecules by strong laser fields launches an electron wave packet. This electron wave packet, which can be driven back by the field to recollide with the parent ion, has been widely explored to probe the ultrafast nuclear dynamics. We numerically demonstrate the precise control of the temporal characteristic of the recolliding electron wave packet (REWP) by orthogonally polarized two-color fields. Through changing the relative phase of the two fields, the revisit time of REWP can be manipulated with a resolution of less than 200 attos, thus significantly improving the resolution of the well known molecular clock. This provides an efficient method for real-time observation of the ultrafast molecular dynamics with attosecond resolution.     

Linearized tensor renormalization group algorithm for the calculation of thermodynamic properties of quantum lattice models

A linearized tensor renormalization group algorithm is developed to calculate the thermodynamic properties of low-dimensional quantum lattice models. This new approach employs the infinite time-evolving block decimation technique, and allows for treating directly the transfer-matrix tensor network that makes it more scalable. To illustrate the performance, the thermodynamic quantities of the quantum XY spin chain as well as the Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a honeycomb lattice are calculated by the linearized tensor renormalization group method, showing the pronounced precision and high efficiency.     

Angle-independent plasmonic infrared band-stop reflective filter based on the Ag/SiO₂/Ag T-shaped array

A plasmonic infrared (IR) filter assisted by localized surface plasmon polaritons (LSPPs) in a Ag/SiO?/Ag T-shaped array was theoretically and experimentally investigated. By using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, an angle-independent LSPP resonant mode caused by a Fabry-Pérot resonance in the structure was observed in agreement with the prediction from the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) simulation. The resonant wavelength of the mode can also be controlled by modifying the geometry of the T-shaped structure. Such LSPP property can be used as an IR reflection-type band-stop filter with a single spectral bandwidth and an ultrahigh immunity to incident angles.     

Enhanced creaming of milk fat globules in milk emulsions by the application of ultrasound and detection by means of optical methods

The effects of application of ultrasonic waves to recombined milk emulsions (3.5% fat, 7% total solids) and raw milk on fat destabilization and creaming were examined. Coarse and fine recombined emulsions (D[4,3]=9.3 μm and 2.7 μm, respectively) and raw milk (D[4,3]=4.9 μm) were subjected to ultrasound for 5 min at 35°C and 400 kHz or 1.6 MHz (using a single transducer) or 400 kHz (where the emulsion was sandwiched between two transducers). Creaming, as calculated from Turbiscan measurements, was more evident in the coarse recombined emulsion and raw milk compared to that of the recombined fine emulsion. Micrographs confirmed that there was flocculation and coalescence in creamed layer of emulsion. Coalescence was confirmed by particle size measurement. These results imply that ultrasound has potential to pre-dispose fat particles in milk emulsions to creaming in standing wave systems and in systems with inhomogeneous sound distributions.     

Space-time resolved approach for interacting quantum field theories

An alternative approach to the usual perturbative S-matrix evaluation of quantum field theories is presented which is nonperturbative and provides full space-time resolution. We study the dynamical development of the force between two fermion wave packets for the Yukawa system. The spatial distribution of the virtual bosons that act as mediators of the force can be analyzed along with the fermionic densities. Using a potential function for the fermion-fermion interaction is a good approximation to the field theoretical calculations when the Fock space is restricted to only one boson, but in the full quantum field theory the fermion-fermion force is enhanced by higher-order multiboson processes. Furthermore, the normally attractive fermion-fermion Yukawa force can, in principle, be manipulated to even be repulsive if the momentum modes available to the virtual bosons are restricted.     

A general dual-bolus approach for quantitative DCE-MRI

Purpose

To present a dual-bolus technique for quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and show that it can give an arterial input function (AIF) measurement equivalent to that from a single-bolus protocol.

Methods

Five rabbits were imaged using a dual-bolus technique applicable for high-resolution DCE-MRI, incorporating a time resolved imaging of contrast kinetics (TRICKS) sequence for rapid temporal sampling. AIFs were measured from both the low-dose prebolus and the high-dose main bolus in the abdominal aorta. In one animal, TRICKS and fast spoiled gradient echo (FSPGR) acquisitions were compared.

Results

The scaled prebolus AIF was shown to match the main bolus AIF, with 95% confidence intervals overlapping for fits of gamma-variate functions to the first pass and linear fits to the washout phase, with the exception of one case. The AIFs measured using TRICKS and FSPGR were shown to be equivalent in one animal.

Conclusion

The proposed technique can capture even the rapid circulation kinetics in the rabbit aorta, and the scaled prebolus AIF is equivalent to the AIF from a high-dose injection. This allows separate measurements of the AIF and tissue uptake curves, meaning that each curve can then be acquired using a protocol tailored to its specific requirements.     

Tunable nonlinear absorption of hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon

Nonlinear absorption (NLA) of hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) has been investigated through the open aperture Z-scan method for the photon energy of the incident irradiance slightly less than the bandgap of the sample. NLA responses have been observed to be highly sensitive to the wavelength and intensity of the incident irradiance as well as to the bandgap of the sample, indicating greatly tunable NLA of nc-Si:H. The band tail of nc-Si:H appears to play a crucial role in such NLA responses.