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91.
A. Ch. Izmailov 《Optics and Spectroscopy》2017,122(2):315-321
The possibility of controlling the motion of microparticles by means of external electromagnetic fields (nonresonance laser radiation, in particular) that induce potential wells for such particles, which are characterized by fixed spatial distribution but deepen over time to a certain level, are analyzed. It is assumed that the particles are located in high vacuum and are affected by nondissipative external forces. Slowing down of relatively fast particles when they pass through the discussed potential wells is shown. Such slowing down of particles is demonstrated using a nonresonance laser beam with intensity increasing over time as an example. Specific features of particle dynamics in the electromagnetic fields under consideration in the case of a one-dimensional rectangular potential well are studied in detail based on simple analytical relations derived from the fundamental equations of classical mechanics. The methods of particle cooling and localization demonstrated in the present work can substantially increase spectroscopy resolution of various microparticles, including, under certain conditions, atoms and molecules. 相似文献
92.
Discontinuous changes of the lattice parameters at the Mott metal-insulator transition are detected by high-resolution dilatometry on deuterated crystals of the layered organic conductor kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Br. The uniaxial expansivities uncover a striking and unexpected anisotropy, notably a zero effect along the in-plane c axis along which the electronic interactions are relatively strong. A huge thermal expansion anomaly is observed near the end point of the first-order transition line enabling us to explore the critical behavior with very high sensitivity. The analysis yields critical fluctuations with an exponent alpha approximately 0.8+/-0.15 at odds with the novel criticality recently proposed for these materials [Kagawa et al., Nature (London) 436, 534 (2005)]. Our data suggest an intricate role of the lattice degrees of freedom in the Mott transition for the present materials. 相似文献
93.
Focused proton beam writing has been utilized to fabricate optical channel waveguides in Nd:GGG crystals. The 1?MeV proton beam irradiation creates a local modified region with positive refractive index changes at the end of the proton trajectory, in which the channel waveguide could confine the light field in a symmetric way. Room-temperature laser emission has been achieved at 1063.7?nm, with absorbed pump power of 61?mW (at 808?nm). The obtained slope efficiency of the Nd:GGG waveguide laser system is as high as 66%, which is, to our best knowledge, the highest value for integrated lasers from ion beam processed channel waveguide systems. 相似文献
94.
Gabriel C Aiello A Zhong W Euser TG Joly NY Banzer P Förtsch M Elser D Andersen UL Marquardt Ch Russell PS Leuchs G 《Physical review letters》2011,106(6):060502
Quantum systems such as, for example, photons, atoms, or Bose-Einstein condensates, prepared in complex states where entanglement between distinct degrees of freedom is present, may display several intriguing features. In this Letter we introduce the concept of such complex quantum states for intense beams of light by exploiting the properties of cylindrically polarized modes. We show that already in a classical picture the spatial and polarization field variables of these modes cannot be factorized. Theoretically it is proven that by quadrature squeezing cylindrically polarized modes one generates entanglement between these two different degrees of freedom. Experimentally we demonstrate amplitude squeezing of an azimuthally polarized mode by exploiting the nonlinear Kerr effect in a specially tailored photonic crystal fiber. These results display that such novel continuous-variable entangled systems can, in principle, be realized. 相似文献
95.
W. N. Polyzou Ch. Elster W. Gl?ckle J. Golak Y. Huang H. Kamada R. Skibi��ski H. Wita?a 《Few-Body Systems》2011,49(1-4):129-147
We review the construction and applications of exactly Poincaré invariant quantum mechanical models of few-degree of freedom systems. We discuss the construction of dynamical representations of the Poincaré group on few-particle Hilbert spaces, the relation to quantum field theory, the formulation of cluster properties, and practical considerations related to the construction of realistic interactions and the solution of the dynamical equations. Selected applications illustrate the utility of this approach. 相似文献
96.
T. SrikumarM.G. Brik Ch. Srinivasa RaoN. Venkatramaiah Y. GandhiN. Veeraiah 《Physica B: Condensed Matter》2011,406(19):3592-3598
Li2O-ZrO2-SiO2: Ho3+ glasses mixed with three interesting d-block elemental oxides, viz., Nb2O5, Ta2O5 and La2O3, were prepared. Optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra of these glasses have been recorded at room temperature. The luminescence spectra of Nb2O5 and Ta2O5 mixed Li2O-ZrO2-SiO2 glasses (free of Ho3+ ions) have also exhibited broad emission band in the blue region. This band is attributed to radiative recombination of self-trapped excitons (STEs) localized on substitutionally positioned octahedral Ta5+ and Nb5+ ions in the glass network. The Judd-Ofelt theory was successfully applied to characterize Ho3+ spectra of all the three glasses. From this theory various radiative properties, like transition probability A, branching ratio βr and the radiative lifetime τr, for 5S2 emission levels in the spectra of these glasses have been evaluated. The radiative lifetime for 5S2 level of Ho3+ ions has also been measured and quantum efficiencies were estimated. Among the three glasses studied the La2O3 mixed glass exhibited the highest quantum efficiency. The reasons for such higher value have been discussed based on the relationship between the structural modifications taking place around the Ho3+ ions. 相似文献
97.
A. Weidinger J. Erxmeyer H. Glückler Ch. Niedermayer O. Laforsch J. Groß M. Mehring 《Hyperfine Interactions》1994,86(1):609-614
Hydrogenated YBa2Cu3O7 with [H]/cell=2.0 was studied by X-ray diffraction, SR and1H-NMR. For the first time, the hydride phase (16% larger c-axis) known from thin film experiments was seen in a bulk sample. A comparison of the SR and NMR results shows that the 15 mT site (2 MHz in SR) is the stable position for the proton and muon. The three other muon sites (4 MHz line and two exponentially decaying components) are metastable. 相似文献
98.
The transitions of relativistic electrons in a magnetic field with the emission of an antineutrino-neutrino pair are considered. Probabilities are obtained for electron transitions to the ground state and weakly excited states. It is shown that in the case of an ultrastrong magnetic field (HHo=m2c3/e=4.41·1013 G) such transitions made a considerable contribution to the total probability of the process.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 3, pp. 110–114, March, 1978.In conclusion, the authors express their profound gratitude to A. A. Sokolov for his attention to our work. 相似文献
99.
L. Adiels G. Backenstoss I. Bergström S. Carius S. Charalambous M. D. Cooper Ch. Findeisen D. Hatzifotiadou M. Hugi A. Kerek H. O. Meyer P. Pavlopoulos J. Repond L. Tauscher D. Tröster M. C. S. Williams K. Zioutas 《Zeitschrift fur Physik C Particles and Fields》1987,35(1):15-19
The branching ratios of \(p\bar p\) annihilations into the neutral final states 2π0, π0γ, and 2γ are measured by stopping antiprotons in liquid hydrogen. They are \(B_{2\pi ^0 } = \left( {2.06 \pm 0.14} \right) \times 10^{ - 4} \) , \(B_{\pi ^0 \gamma } = \left( {1.74 \pm 0.22} \right) \times 10^{ - 5} \) , andB γγ<1.7×10?6 (95% c.l.). 相似文献
100.
The temperature shift of the neutrino mass in a constant magnetic field is calculated within the framework of the Weinberg-Salam model. The cases of weak field and low and high temperatures are considered. The contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the neutrino is determined. The imaginary component of the mass correction describing the reaction of decay and W-boson formation is analyzed.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 12, pp. 3–6, December, 1987. 相似文献