Magnetization processes of CuMn below the freezing temperature Tf

A simple classical model [5] that is based on a blocking of magnetic clusters in a uniaxial anisotropy field explains characteristic properties of magnetization processes of Cu(5–15 at.%) Mn as transition states between the “zero point magnetization” M₀ = M(T → OK) and the thermal equilibrium magnetization M_∞ = M(t → ∞, T). Further it shows two facts the experimental confirmations of which we report in this paper: (a) a magnetization decrease with increasing temperature in high fields and (b) a superposition rule for the magnetization processes in small fields and at low temperatures.     

Molecular-orbital X-rays from 1 GeV 208Pb + 208Pb and 209Bi + 209Bi collisions

We have measured the spectra of continuum X-rays above the characteristic K lines for 4.5 to 4.8 MeV/N ²⁰⁸₈₂Pb → ²⁰⁸₈₂Pb, Pb → Bi, Bi → Pb and Bi → Bi collisions. Above ≈400 keV X-ray energy the spectral shape and intensity agree roughly with calculations of Kirsch et al. for the 1sσ molecular-orbital (MO) X-ray spectrum from Pb-Pb. Deviations from the theory below ≈400 keV suggest transitions to other MO's.     

Laser spectroscopy of ethylene with waveguide CO2 and N2O lasers

Fifty Doppler-broadened absorption lines of ethylene have been measured within large profiles CO₂ or N₂O lase lines. These laser lines are produced by a high pressure waveguide laser and have a full width between 200 and 900 MHz. Eleven absorption lines, the more intense ones, have been assigned to the ν₇ band of C₂H₄. The other absorption lines must belong to hot bands or to the ν₇ band of H₂¹²C¹³CH₂.     

Sodium self-diffusion coefficient in sodium silicate glass by quasielastic neutron scattering

Using pulsed neutrons of 19.8 Å wavelength a quasielastic line broadening as low as 0.03 eV (FWHM) has been observed due to Na⁺ diffusion in the glass Na₂O·2SiO₂. From the linewidths a Na⁺ self-diffusion coefficient of 3.1·10^–8 cm²/s at 420°C was obtained in excellent agreement with the diffusion coefficient determined for the same sample batch using²²Na radioactive tracers. The experimental Q dependence of the quasielasic linewidths gives a hint for deviations from a purely random walk in an ionic glass.     

Critical behavior of electric field gradient in MnSi studied by muon level-crossing resonance

The electric quadrupole interaction of⁵⁵Mn nuclei was studied in the weakly ferromagnetic system MnSi using muon level-crossing resonance (LCR) technique. The temperature dependence of the electric field gradient (EFG) shows a critical behavior near the ferromagnetic transition temperature, indicating that the EFG due to the conduction electron is strongly correlated with the magnetic susceptibility in the itinerant electron magnetism. The temperature dependence of EFG is in reasonable agreement with the self-consistent renormalization theory developed by Moriya and coworkers.We gratefully acknowledge helpful discussion with Dr. N. Nishida. We also wish to thank Keith Hoyle and Curtis Ballard for technical support.     

X-ray production by a laser plasma in a strong electric field

The X-ray emission of a laser plasma from metal targets in a 26 kV cm^–1 electric field is investigated experimentally. A substructure of the X-ray pulse, corresponding to the laser pulse train period is found. The spectrum of the radiation in the range 2–25 keV is measured.     

Superconductivity and resistance behaviour of σ-phase alloys: Nb−Rh and Ta−Rh

Superconductivity, structure and electrical resistance behaviour of -phase alloys of Nb–Rh and Ta–Rh are investigated. The Ta–Rh alloys do not become superconducting above 1.2 K. The andH _c2 (0) values of a homogeneous alloy with the composition Nb_65.2Rh_34.8 are 2.95 K, 13.9 kG/K and 23 kG, respectively, whereas for an inhomogeneous alloy with the composition Nb_63.7Rh_36.3 these values are 4.24 K, 5.5 kG/K and 14 kG, respectively. Splat quenching results in a substantial increase in the andH _c2 (0) values of the Rh-rich sample. Annealing (900°C, 100 h) of the Rh-rich sample leads only to small changes in the superconducting properties but a small amount of Nb–Rh solid solution has been formed. The electrical resistance of Nb_65.2Rh_34.8 decreases with decreasing temperature and varies asT ^0.5 between 150 and 240 K and asT between 60 and 140 K. For Ta_70.0Rh_30.0 the temperature coefficient changes to negative values below 170K. values are calculated for Nb–Rh using McMillan's formula. An estimatedT _c value of Ta–Rh is 0.2 K. TheH _c2 (0) values of Nb–Rh are in good agreement with the theoreticalH _c ^2** (0) values.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. W. Buckel on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

On the equation of state of classical one-component systems with long-range forces

Several definitions of the pressure are introduced for one-component systems and shown to be nonequivalent in the presence of a rigid neutralizing background. Relations between these pressures are derived for finite and infinite systems; these relations depend on the asymptotic behavior of the force at infinity, with the Coulomb force at the borderline between different properties. It is argued that only one of those definitions is physically acceptable and its properties are discussed in relation to the asymptotic behavior of the force. It is seen in particular that a knowledge of the state of the infinite system is not sufficient to determine its thermodynamic properties. The results are illustrated by some typical examples.For example, for two-dimensional systems with three-dimensional Coulomb interaction see refs. 2–4.     

Invariance Principle Under Self-Normalization for Nonidentically Distributed Random Variables

Let V _n ^–1 _n be the adaptive process of self-normalized partial sums S _k of independent random variables X _i , defined by linear interpolation between the points (V _k ²/V _n ²,S _k /V _n ), kn, where V _k ²= _ik X _i ². We prove that if the X _k 's are symmetric, V _n ^–1 _n converges weakly to the Brownian motion W in each Hölder space supporting W if and only if V _n ^–1 max _kn |X _k |=o _P (1). We give some partial extension to the non symmetric case.