The effect of pH on coupled mass transfer and sol-gel reaction in a two-phase system

The coupled mass transfer and chemical reactions of a gel-forming compound in a two-phase system were recently analyzed in detail [Castelijns et al. J. Appl. Phys. 2006, 100, 024916]. In this successive work, the gel-forming chemical tetramethylorthosilicate (TMOS) was dissolved in a mineral oil and placed together with heavy water (D2O) in small cylinders. The transfer of TMOS from the oleic phase to the aqueous phase was monitored through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation time measurements of hydrogen in the oleic phase. The rate of gelation was measured through NMR relaxation time measurements of deuterium in the aqueous phase. The temperature, the initial concentration of TMOS, and the type of buffer in the aqueous phase were varied in the experiments. The mass transfer is driven by the rate of hydrolysis, which increases with temperature. The hydrolysis rate is the lowest at a neutral pH and is the highest at a low pH. In the aqueous phase, a sharp decrease in the transverse relaxation time (T2) of 2H is observed, which is attributed to the gel reaction. The plateau in T2 indicates the gel transition point. The gel rates increase with increasing temperature and increasing concentration, and are the highest at a neutral pH.     

Über einen zusammenhang zwischen gewissen linearen differential- und differenzengleichungen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Linearly polarised photon beams at ELSA and measurement of the beam asymmetry in \pi^{0}_{} photoproduction off the proton

At the electron accelerator ELSA a linearly polarised tagged photon beam is produced by coherent bremsstrahlung off a diamond crystal. Orientation and energy range of the linear polarisation can be deliberately chosen by accurate positioning of the crystal with a goniometer. The degree of polarisation is determined by the form of the scattered electron spectrum. Good agreement between experiment and expectations on the basis of the experimental conditions is obtained. Polarisation degrees of % are typically achieved at half of the primary electron energy. The determination of is confirmed by measuring the beam asymmetry, , in photoproduction and by a comparison of the results to independent measurements using laser backscattering.     

Nucleon resonance decay by theK 0Σ+ channel: Preliminary results

The strange meson production on a proton target in theK ⁰Σ⁺ channel is sensitive to nucleon resonance contributions. TheK ⁰ production on a deuteron target can provide information on the hyperon-nucleon final-state interaction. The experiments γp →K ⁰Σ⁺ andγd → K ⁰Σ⁺n have been carried out at the ELSA facility at Bonn. In this paper, we report the preliminary results of both experiments     

Correlation of the Rates of Solvolysis of the Benzhydryldimethylsulfonium Ion. Application of the Aromatic Ring Parameter(1)

Values for the specific rates of solvolysis of the benzhydryldimethylsulfonium ion in 34 solvents have been analyzed using various forms of the extended Grunwald-Winstein equation. The specific rates are insensitive toward changes in solvent nucleophilicity (N(T)) values, and they correlate best against a combination of Y(+) values (based on the solvolyses of the 1-adamantyldimethylsulfonium ion) and aromatic ring parameter (I) values. Common-molecule return is observed, being especially powerful in solvents rich in fluoro alcohol; the logarithm of the associated mass law constant correlates inversely with the solvent N(T) values. The product selectivities in ethanol-water mixtures are also consistent with an S(N)1 mechanism for the solvolyses.