全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1276篇 |
免费 | 39篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 793篇 |
晶体学 | 8篇 |
力学 | 37篇 |
数学 | 173篇 |
物理学 | 306篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 37篇 |
2021年 | 36篇 |
2020年 | 32篇 |
2019年 | 31篇 |
2018年 | 30篇 |
2017年 | 22篇 |
2016年 | 59篇 |
2015年 | 32篇 |
2014年 | 56篇 |
2013年 | 86篇 |
2012年 | 78篇 |
2011年 | 95篇 |
2010年 | 72篇 |
2009年 | 97篇 |
2008年 | 83篇 |
2007年 | 76篇 |
2006年 | 49篇 |
2005年 | 35篇 |
2004年 | 35篇 |
2003年 | 27篇 |
2002年 | 20篇 |
2001年 | 29篇 |
2000年 | 29篇 |
1999年 | 14篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 12篇 |
1996年 | 25篇 |
1995年 | 14篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1956年 | 1篇 |
1955年 | 1篇 |
1937年 | 1篇 |
1933年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1317条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
62.
63.
64.
François Clautiaux Cláudio Alves José Valério de Carvalho 《Annals of Operations Research》2010,179(1):317-342
Dual-feasible functions are valuable tools that can be used to compute both lower bounds for different combinatorial problems
and valid inequalities for integer programs. Several families of functions have been used in the literature. Some of them
were defined explicitly, and others not. One of the main objectives of this paper is to survey these functions, and to state
results concerning their quality. We clearly identify dominant subsets of functions, i.e. those which may lead to better bounds or stronger cuts. We also describe different frameworks that can be used to create
dual-feasible functions. With these frameworks, one can get a dominant function based on other ones. Two new families of dual-feasible
functions obtained by applying these methods are proposed in this paper. 相似文献
65.
66.
67.
68.
Cleoci Beninca Tiago André Denck Colman Luiz Gustavo Lacerda Marco Aurélio da Silva Carvalho Filho Ivo Mottin Demiate Gilbert Bannach Egon Schnitzler 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2013,111(3):2217-2222
The use of chemically modified starches is widely accepted in various industries, with several applications. In this research, natural cassava starch granules were treated with standard sodium hypochlorite solution at 0.8, 2.0, and 5.0 g Cl/100 g starch. The native and modified starch samples were investigated by means of the following techniques: simultaneous thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis, which allowed us to verify the thermal decomposition associated with endothermic or exothermic phenomena; and differential scanning calorimetry that was used to determine gelatinization enthalpy as well as the rapid viscoamylographic analysis that provided the pasting temperature and viscosity. By means of non-contact-atomic force microscopy method and X-ray powder patterns diffractometry, it was possible to observe the surface morphology, topography of starch granules, and alterations in the granules’ crystallinity. 相似文献
69.
Michelle Gonçalves Mothé Cheila Gonçalves Mothé Carlos Henrique Monteiro de Carvalho Marcia Cristina Khalil de Oliveira 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2013,113(2):525-531
Present study investigates thermal behavior of two heavy crude oils with different °API values by simultaneous thermogravimetry–differential scanning calorimetry–fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG–DSC–FTIR), and an evaluation of the chemical element levels present in the oils’ ashes was done by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. TG and DSC curves were obtained for two samples in nitrogen atmosphere. Among all inorganic components evaluated, the highest concentration in the two oils was SO3. Thus this study may contribute to a better understanding of the thermal behavior of heavy crude oils and their composition. 相似文献
70.
Anderson A. B. C. Júnior Gustavo S. G. De Carvalho Lippy F. Marques Charlane C. Corrêa Adilson D. Da Silva Flvia C. Machado 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2013,69(8):934-936
The title compound, C14H11NO4, exists in the solid phase in the zwitterionic form, 2‐{[(4‐carboxy‐3‐hydroxyphenyl)iminiumyl]methyl}phenolate, with the H atom from the phenol group on the 2‐hydroxybenzylidene ring transferred to the imine N atom, resulting in a strong intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond between the iminium H atom and the phenolate O atom, forming a six‐membered hydrogen‐bonded ring. In addition, there is an intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bond between the carboxylic acid group and the adjacent hydroxy group of the other ring, and an intermolecular C—H...O contact involving the phenol group and the C—H group adjacent to the imine bond, connecting the molecules into a two‐dimensional network in the (10) plane. π–π stacking interactions result in a three‐dimensional network. This study is important because it provides crystallographic evidence, supported by IR data, for the iminium zwitterionic form of Schiff bases.<!?tpb=12pt> 相似文献