Magnetic field effects on the fluorescence of Cr3+ in GdAlO3

The fluorescence spectrum of Cr³⁺ in GdAlO₃ has been examined at 4.2 K as a function of magnetic field up to 60 kG. The resulting splitting of the ²E → ⁴A₂ emission lines are explained in terms of a modified molecular field approximation, which incorporates the effect of the spin fluctuations. The exchange constant in the relaxed excited state is found to be 1.2 cm^-1, which differs from that reported from absorption data. It is suggested that the difference may be related to the Frank-Condon effect.     

On the difficulties of predicting the adsorption of volatile organic compounds at low pressures in microporous solid: the example of ethyl benzene

Adsorption isotherms of toluene and ethyl benzene, at 25 degrees C and 40 degrees C, were determined in two microporous activated carbons and one zeolite. Significant differences were found in the adsorption behavior, at low pressures, between the two vapors on the same adsorbent material. The quantities of adsorbed ethyl benzene at 25 degrees C, in the low-pressure region, were lower than what was observed at 40 degrees C in all the studied adsorbents, contrary to what was found for toluene. This fact was not related to kinetic effects at the two temperatures nor to vapor swelling of the adsorbents structure. Also, there was no molecular sieving since at high pressures the toluene and ethyl benzene occupied the same adsorption space. The differences found in the ethyl benzene adsorption at the two temperatures pose difficulties in the analysis of the adsorption data and, therefore, in the prediction of results. This is discussed in the analysis of the results with the application of the Dubinin-Astakhov equation and in the estimation of the isosteric heats of adsorption. The adsorption potentials of two possible ethyl benzene conformations were estimated for the adsorption in the pores of activated carbon from the Horvath and Kawazoe model, and the values compared with those found experimentally. The results were interpreted in terms of the ethyl benzene conformation effects when the molecule is confined in pores that are about the same size of one of the conformations.     

Control of complex Ginzburg-Landau equation eruptions using intrapulse Raman scattering and corresponding traveling solutions

The eruption solitons that exist under the complex cubic-quintic Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE) may be eliminated by the introduction of a term that in the optical context represents intrapulse Raman scattering (IRS). The later was observed in direct numerical simulations, and here we have obtained the system of ordinary differential equations and the corresponding traveling solitons that replace the eruption solutions. In fact, we have found traveling solutions for a subset of the eruption CGLE parameter region and a wide range of the IRS parameter. However, for each set of CGLE parameters they are stable solely above a certain threshold of IRS.     

Cytogenetic analysis of two related Deltochilum (Coleoptera,Scarabaeidae) species: Diploid number reduction,extensive heterochromatin addition and differentiation

Male mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of two species of the genus Deltochilum (Scarabaeidae) were analyzed through conventional staining, C-banding, base-specific fluorochromes, silver nitrate staining (AgNO₃) and FISH (45S rDNA). The two species possessed karyotypes with 2n = 14, neo-XY and meta-submetacentric chromosomes. The analysis of constitutive heterochromatin (CH) revealed mainly diphasic chromosomes in the two species, showing heterochromatic long arms. Silver nitrate staining labeled the blocks corresponding to CH in D. (Deltohyboma) aff morbillosum while in D. (Deltohyboma) calcaratum, AgNO₃ staining revealed only the CH blocks of the diphasic autosomes. The fluorochrome staining revealed in D. (D.) calcaratum the diphasic autosomes and the sex chromosomes with CMA₃⁺ blocks, and in D. (D.) aff morbillosum, the GC-rich sequences were restricted to the terminal regions of the long arms of the pairs 1 and 2 and the X. The FISH revealed 45S rDNA sites in two autosomic pairs and in the X chromosome. The analyses performed allowed for the identification of cytogenetic markers and the discussion of possible chromosome rearrangements that have been involved in the karyotypic differentiation of these species mainly related to the repetitive genome.     

Finite-dimensional global attractors in Banach spaces

We provide bounds on the upper box-counting dimension of negatively invariant subsets of Banach spaces, a problem that is easily reduced to covering the image of the unit ball under a linear map by a collection of balls of smaller radius. As an application of the abstract theory we show that the global attractors of a very broad class of parabolic partial differential equations (semilinear equations in Banach spaces) are finite-dimensional.     

PRESSURE-VELOCITY EQUILIBRIUM HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS

This article describes mathematical models for phase separated mixtures of materials that are in pressure and velocity equilibrium but not necessarily temperature equilibrium. General conditions for constitutive models for such mixtures that exhibit a single mixture sound speed are discussed and specific examples are described.     

Topology design for on-demand dual-path routing in wireless networks

One way to achieve reliability with low-latency is through multi-path routing and transport protocols that build redundant delivery channels (or data paths) to reduce end-to-end packet losses and retransmissions. However, the applicability and effectiveness of such protocols are limited by the topological constraints of the underlying communication infrastructure. Multiple data delivery paths can only be constructed over networks that are capable of supporting multiple paths. In mission-critical wireless networks, the underlying network topology is directly affected by the terrain, location and environmental interferences, however the settings of the wireless radios at each node can be properly configured to compensate for these effects for multi-path support. In this work we investigate optimization models for topology designs that enable end-to-end dual-path support on a distributed wireless sensor network. We consider the case of a fixed sensor network with isotropic antennas, where the control variable for topology management is the transmission power on network nodes. For optimization modeling, the network metrics of relevance are coverage, robustness and power utilization. The optimization models proposed in this work eliminate some of the typical assumptions made in the pertinent network design literature that are too strong in this application context.