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151.
152.
Thin film tandem solar cells made of amorphous and microcrystalline silicon provide renewable energy at the benefit of low material consumption. As a drawback, these materials do not posses the high carrier mobilities of their crystalline counterpart which limits the feasible material thickness. For maintaining the light absorption as high as possible, photon management is required. Here we show that metallic nanodiscs that sustain localized plasmon polaritons can increase the efficiency of such solar cells if they are incorporated into the dielectric intermediate reflector separating the top and the bottom cell. We provide quantitative estimates for the possible absorption enhancement of optimized bi-periodic nanodiscs that are feasible for fabrication. Emphasis is also put on discussing the impact of obliquely incident sun light on the solar cell performance. 相似文献
153.
154.
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
155.
156.
The optimal design problem for maximal torsion stiffness of an infinite bar of given geometry and unknown distribution of
two materials of prescribed amounts is one model example in topology optimisation. It eventually leads to a degenerate convex
minimisation problem. The numerical analysis is therefore delicate for possibly multiple primal variables u but unique derivatives σ : = DW(D
u). Even fine a posteriori error estimates still suffer from the reliability-efficiency gap. However, it motivates a simple
edge-based adaptive mesh-refining algorithm (AFEM) that is not a priori guaranteed to refine everywhere. Its convergence proof
is therefore based on energy estimates and some refined convexity control. Numerical experiments illustrate even nearly optimal
convergence rates of the proposed AFEM.
Supported by the DFG Research Center MATHEON “Mathematics for key technologies” in Berlin. 相似文献
157.
Heinrich Hart G. Hentschel Bauer H. Passow Jr und W. Hoffman 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1928,74(1-2):49-52
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
158.
IDENTIFICATION OF MEMBRANE PROTEINS IMAGED BY ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY USING A TEMPLATE MATCHING ALGORITHM
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The atomic force microscope allows to image biological samples in their native environment. But the identification and the topography of individual randomly distributed membrane proteins is still a challenge. We used membranes of isolated vacuoles of barley mesophyll cells. Images at low resolution indicate that vacuoles spontaneously attach, rupture and finally adsorb completely as planar membrane to mica. Height profiles indicate that the membrane at the peripheral boundary exposes the extravacuolar surface to the scanning tip. At molecular resolution a template matching correlation algorithm was used to identify the most abundant membrane protein, the vacuolar H+-ATPase by the characteristic extravacuolar head of the transport molecule. The data indicate the possibility to analyse single randomly distributed membrane proteins in their native environment with the knowledge of a suitable template. 相似文献
159.
W. Hentschel 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1892,31(1):552-553
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
160.
Reinhold Tacke Klaus Rafeiner Carsten Strohmann Ernst Mutschler Günter Lambrecht 《应用有机金属化学》1989,3(2):129-132
The synthesis of the potent and highly selective silicon-containing antimuscarinic agent o-methoxysila-hexocyclium methyl sulfate and its corresponding tertiary amine (isolated as the dihydrochloride) is described. The quarternary compound is an o-methoxy derivative of sila-hexocyclium methyl sulfate, which represents one of the tools currently used in experimental pharmacology for the subclassification of muscarinic receptors. The o-methoxy derivative, the pharmacological profile of which differs substantially from that of the nonmethoxy compound, is also recommended as a tool for the investigation of muscarinic receptor heterogeneity. 相似文献