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排序方式: 共有676条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
51.
Emer Lahiff Carol Lynam Niamh Gilmartin Richard O’Kennedy Dermot Diamond 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2010,398(4):1575-1589
The growing need for analytical devices requiring smaller sample volumes, decreased power consumption and improved performance
have been driving forces behind the rapid growth in nanomaterials research. Due to their dimensions, nanostructured materials
display unique properties not traditionally observed in bulk materials. Characteristics such as increased surface area along
with enhanced electrical/optical properties make them suitable for numerous applications such as nanoelectronics, photovoltaics
and chemical/biological sensing. In this review we examine the potential that exists to use nanostructured materials for biosensor
devices. By incorporating nanomaterials, it is possible to achieve enhanced sensitivity, improved response time and smaller
size. Here we report some of the success that has been achieved in this area. Many nanoparticle and nanofibre geometries are
particularly relevant, but in this paper we specifically focus on organic nanostructures, reviewing conducting polymer nanostructures
and carbon nanotubes. 相似文献
52.
Grant J Rodgers CA Chickering CD Hill SJ Stry JJ 《Journal of AOAC International》2010,93(4):1293-1301
An analytical method is presented for the determination of chlorantraniliprole residues in crops. Chlorantraniliprole residues were extracted from crop matrixes with acetonitrile after a water soak. The extracts were passed through a strong anion-exchange (SAX) SPE cartridge stacked on top of a reversed-phase (RP) polymer cartridge. After both cartridges were rinsed and vacuum-dried, the SAX cartridge was removed, and chlorantraniliprole was eluted from the RP polymer cartridge with acetonitrile. The acetonitrile eluate was evaporated to dryness, reconstituted, and analyzed using an LC/MS/MS instrument equipped with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source. The method was successfully validated at 0.010, 0.10, and 10 mg/kg for the following crop matrixes: potatoes, sugar beets (tops), lettuce, broccoli, soybeans, soybean forage, tomatoes, cucumbers, oranges, apples, pears, peaches, almonds (nutmeat), rice grain, wheat grain, wheat hay, corn stover, alfalfa forage, cottonseed, grapes, and corn grain. The average recoveries from all crop samples fortified at the method LOQ ranged from 91 to 108%, with an overall average recovery of 97%. The average recoveries from all crop samples fortified at 10 times the method LOQ ranged from 89 to 115%, with an overall average recovery of 101%. For all of the fortified control samples analyzed in this study, the overall average recovery was 99%. 相似文献
53.
A straightforward, high-yielding procedure has been developed for the manufacture of substituted vinylphenols from 2- and 4-hydroxybenzaldehydes utilising classical Knoevenagel condensation reaction conditions. 相似文献
54.
Carol Korzeniewski Rukma Basnayake Ganesh Vijayaraghavan Zhengrong Li Shanhong Xu Dominick J. Casadonte Jr. 《Surface science》2004,573(1):100-108
The electrochemical oxidation of CH3OH at nanometer-scale PtRu catalyst materials is reported. Comparisons are made between the properties of a Johnson Matthey (JM) PtRu black sample (50 at.% Ru (XRu ≈ 0.5)) and PtRu particles (2-6 nm, nominally XRu ≈ 0.5) prepared by sonication under anhydrous conditions. Cyclic voltammetry and in situ infrared spectroscopy measurements show the catalysts are active for the oxidation of 0.5 M CH3OH in 0.1 M HClO4 at temperatures between ambient and 70 °C. The sonochemically prepared PtRu sample displayed properties characteristic of bulk PtRu alloys with XRu ≈ 0.5. Evidence for phase separation of Pt and Ru was observed in CO stripping voltammetry from the JM catalyst adsorbed at low metal loadings (20 μg/cm2) on bulk Au electrodes. Per gram of catalyst, the JM material was more active toward CO2 formation and displayed greater resistance to poisoning by adsorbed CO than the sonochemically prepared material during ambient temperature oxidation of 0.5 M CH3OH in 0.1 M HClO4. 相似文献
55.
Anton-Culver H Ziogas A Bowen D Finkelstein D Griffin C Hanson J Isaacs C Kasten-Sportes C Mineau G Nadkarni P Rimer B Schildkraut J Strong L Weber B Winn D Hiatt R Nayfield S 《Community genetics》2003,6(3):171-177
OBJECTIVE: The National Cancer Institute established the Cancer Genetics Network (CGN) to support collaborative investigations into the genetic basis of cancer susceptibility, explore mechanisms to integrate this new knowledge into medical practice, and identify ways of addressing the associated psychosocial, ethical, legal, and public health issues. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The CGN has developed the complex infrastructure required to support the projects, including the establishment of guidelines and policies, uniform methods, standard questionnaires to be used by all of the centers, and a standard format for submission of data to the Informatics Center. Cancer patients and their family members have been invited to enroll and be included in a pool of potential study participants. The Information Technology Group is responsible for support of the design, implementation, and maintenance of the multicenter Network-wide research protocols. RESULTS: As of January 2004, the CGN contained data on 23,995 probands (participants) and 425,798 family members. As a resource for cancer genetic studies, the CGN has a large number of probands and first-degree relatives with and without cancer and with multiple ethnicities. Different study designs can be used including case-control, case-case, and family studies. CONCLUSIONS: The unique resources of the CGN are available for studies on cancer genetic susceptibility, translational research, and behavioral research. The CGN is now at a point where approved collaborators may have access to enrolled patients and their families for special studies, as well as to the clinical, environmental and family cancer history data banked in the Informatics Center. 相似文献
56.
Brett D. Jones Jessica R. Chittum Sehmuz Akalin Asta B. Schram Jonathan Fink Christine Schnittka Michael A. Evans Carol Brandt 《School science and mathematics》2015,115(8):404-415
The primary purpose of this study was to examine the ways in which a 12‐week afterschool science and engineering program affected middle school students' motivation to engage in science and engineering activities. We used current motivation research and theory as a conceptual framework to assess 14 students' motivation through questionnaires, structured interviews, and observations. Students reported that during the activities they perceived that they were empowered to make choices in how to complete things, the activities were useful to them, they could succeed in the activities, they enjoyed and were interested in the hands‐on activities and some presentations, they felt cared for by the facilitators and received help when they were stuck or confused, and they put forth effort. Based on our examination of data across our three data sources, we identified motivating opportunities that were provided to students during the activities. These motivating opportunities can serve as examples to help both formal and informal science educators better connect motivation theory to practice so that they can create motivating opportunities for students. Furthermore, this study provides a methodological example of how students' motivation can be examined during the context of authentic science and engineering instruction. 相似文献
57.
Amir H. Bahrami Michael Raatz Jaime Agudo-Canalejo Raphael Michel Emily M. Curtis Carol K. Hall Michael Gradzielski Reinhard Lipowsky Thomas R. Weikl 《Advances in colloid and interface science》2014
How nanoparticles interact with biomembranes is central for understanding their bioactivity. Biomembranes wrap around nanoparticles if the adhesive interaction between the nanoparticles and membranes is sufficiently strong to compensate for the cost of membrane bending. In this article, we review recent results from theory and simulations that provide new insights on the interplay of bending and adhesion energies during the wrapping of nanoparticles by membranes. These results indicate that the interplay of bending and adhesion during wrapping is strongly affected by the interaction range of the particle–membrane adhesion potential, by the shape of the nanoparticles, and by shape changes of membrane vesicles during wrapping. The interaction range of the particle–membrane adhesion potential is crucial both for the wrapping process of single nanoparticles and the cooperative wrapping of nanoparticles by membrane tubules. 相似文献
58.
Collins KE Collins CH Maroneze CM Cappovila V Custodio R 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2011,27(1):187-195
Nitrogen adsorption isotherms of silicas and other oxidic materials are distorted by the presence of micropore adsorption and capillary condensation. This distortion affects the determination of the specific area of the material, depending on the chosen calculation procedure. Correction of the initial (total) isotherm for micropore capacity decreases or eliminates this source of error to give a useful estimate of the external surface area. In the present work, 26 silica-based adsorbent materials were studied to obtain total and external specific surface areas by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), I-point, and α-plot procedures, using the micropore capacities from the α-plots to obtain the corrected (external) isotherms. Errors in the specific surface areas due to the presence of micropores are given by the equation ΔsA = 3.267 (m(2)/cm(3) STP) sV(mic), where sA is the specific surface area in m(2)/g and sV(mic) is the micropore capacity in cm(3) STP/g. A consistent set of conversion factors was obtained by which the external specific surface area obtained using one of these procedures can be converted, with part-per-thousand precision, to either of the others. Although the I-point procedure presents the advantage of not requiring a defined p/p(0) range, the α-plot procedure is recommended for routine determinations of external specific areas of silicas and other oxidic materials, except for cases in which the shapes of the adsorption isotherms of the sample and the reference differ significantly from one another in the p/p(0) range used for the determination. 相似文献
59.
Sánchez L Madurga S Pukala T Vilaseca M López-Iglesias C Robinson CV Giralt E Carulla N 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2011,133(17):6505-6508
A critical aspect to understanding the molecular basis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the characterization of the kinetics of interconversion between the different species present during amyloid-β protein (Aβ) aggregation. By monitoring hydrogen/deuterium exchange in Aβ fibrils using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that the Aβ molecules comprising the fibril continuously dissociate and reassociate, resulting in molecular recycling within the fibril population. Investigations on Aβ40 and Aβ42 amyloid fibrils reveal that molecules making up Aβ40 fibrils recycle to a much greater extent than those of Aβ42. By examining factors that could influence molecular recycling and by running simulations, we show that the rate constant for dissociation of molecules from the fibril (k(off)) is much greater for Aβ40 than that for Aβ42. Importantly, the k(off) values obtained for Aβ40 and Aβ42 reveal that recycling occurs on biologically relevant time scales. These results have implications for understanding the role of Aβ fibrils in neurotoxicity and for designing therapeutic strategies against AD. 相似文献
60.
Lee JK Gwinner MC Berger R Newby C Zentel R Friend RH Sirringhaus H Ober CK 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2011,133(26):9949-9951
In this communication, we report that dipotassium aryl bis(trifluoroborate)s make stable and easy-to-purify yet reactive monomers under Suzuki polycondensation reactions. A bis(trifluoroborate) of 2-alkylbenzotriazole was prepared successfully and copolymerized with dibromobenzothiadiazole in the presence of a Pd catalyst and LiOH, yielding high molecular weight conjugated polymers. This polymer (P1) composed of all electron-accepting units shows excellent electron-transport properties (μ(e) = 0.02 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)), which proves the value of the aryl bis(trifluoroborate) monomers and suggests that many other types of semiconducting polymers that could not be accessed previously can be synthesized using this approach. 相似文献