全文获取类型
收费全文 | 999篇 |
免费 | 43篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 679篇 |
晶体学 | 1篇 |
力学 | 16篇 |
数学 | 128篇 |
物理学 | 218篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 58篇 |
2021年 | 42篇 |
2020年 | 26篇 |
2019年 | 23篇 |
2018年 | 40篇 |
2017年 | 33篇 |
2016年 | 55篇 |
2015年 | 41篇 |
2014年 | 52篇 |
2013年 | 79篇 |
2012年 | 61篇 |
2011年 | 72篇 |
2010年 | 55篇 |
2009年 | 36篇 |
2008年 | 59篇 |
2007年 | 46篇 |
2006年 | 46篇 |
2005年 | 34篇 |
2004年 | 26篇 |
2003年 | 16篇 |
2002年 | 20篇 |
2001年 | 10篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 3篇 |
1966年 | 2篇 |
1965年 | 3篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
1963年 | 3篇 |
1962年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1042条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
81.
82.
We use spin-density-functional theory to study recently reported hysteretic magnetoresistance rho(xx) spikes in Mn-based 2D electron gases [Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 266802 (2002)10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.266802]. We find hysteresis loops in our calculated Landau fan diagrams and total energies signaling quantum Hall ferromagnet phase transitions. Spin-dependent exchange-correlation effects are crucial to stabilize the relevant magnetic phases arising from distinct symmetry-broken excited- and ground-state solutions of the Kohn-Sham equations. Besides hysteretic spikes in rho(xx), we predict hysteretic dips in the Hall resistance rho(xy). Our theory, without domain walls, satisfactorily explains the recent data. 相似文献
83.
Cristofher Victor Vivas Palomares Yan Borges Barreto Natalia Marchesan Bexiga Sergio Hiroshi Toma Jonnatan Julival dos Santos Koiti Araki Adriano Mesquita Alencar Antonio Carlos Bloise 《Particle & Particle Systems Characterization》2023,40(4):2200191
The macrophage time-dependent metabolic profile changing basal metabolism triggered by nanoparticles can be obtained and used to improve wound healing treatments. Herein this study demonstrates that metabolic status responds systematically to cytotoxicity manipulation, providing an interesting way of cellular control. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based metabolomics and cytotoxic assays are used to study RAW 264.7 cells exposed to AgNPs at different concentrations and incubation times. Cytotoxicity data show a slight decrease in cellular expansion rates accompanied by morphological changes in cells. Metabolomics show that despite the glycolytic activity of treated and non-treated cells remains unchanged; however, only the treated cells present a rich Citrate environment signaling up-regulation of Tricarboxylic-Acid-Cycle (TCA). Cells choose aerobic routes instead of anaerobic ones to produce energy and self-regulate their amino acid metabolism to balance TCA. Choline metabolism is down-regulated once its sub-products, Betaine and Glycine, are reduced, thus compromising Creatine synthesis. Phospholipid metabolism is down-regulated due to the decreasing of Phosphocholine and Sn-Glycerol-3-PC, in agreement with the cytotoxicity results. Pyroglutamate decreases in treated cells, signaling different levels of oxidative stress. These analytical tools can characterize AgNPs-treatments, even distinguishing dose and time dependencies. Therefore, the fine-tuning of exposition parameters can modulate cellular activity to achieve better wound healing. 相似文献
84.
85.
Amperometric Folic Acid Quantification Using a Supramolecular Tetraruthenated Nickel Porphyrin µ‐Peroxo‐Bridged Matrix Modified Electrode Associated to Batch Injection Analysis 下载免费PDF全文
Luís M. C. Ferreira Paulo R. Martins Koiti Araki Henrique H. Toma Lúcio Angnes 《Electroanalysis》2015,27(10):2322-2328
A supramolecular Nickel (II) porphyrin complex containing four pyridyl‐bis(2,2′‐bipyridyl)chloro ruthenium meso substituents was submitted to successive voltammetric cycles in high alkaline media to produce a supramolecular matrix with Nickel centers linked by µ‐peroxo bridges, producing a highly stable thin film able to act as redox mediator for electrocatalytic oxidation of folic acid. The characterization of electrode surface material was performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. The modified electrode was inserted into a batch injection electrochemical cell used for the rapid and precise quantification of folic acid in pharmaceutical products. The favorable hydrodynamic conditions provided by amperometry‐BIA association allowed a very high throughput with good linear range (1 to 200 µmol L?1) and low detection limit (7.37×10?7 mol L?1). The electrochemical method was applied to the quantification of folic acid in different tablet samples. The results were comparable with values indicated by the manufacturer and those found using high HPLC according to the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia; commercial samples were submitted to a procedure in order to remove lactose of tablets, since carbohydrates act as interfering species. This procedure together with the electrochemical method showed to be simple, rapid, efficient and an appropriate alternative for quantifying this compound in real samples. 相似文献
86.
Growth under Visible Light Increases Conidia and Mucilage Production and Tolerance to UV‐B Radiation in the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Colletotrichum acutatum 下载免费PDF全文
Henrique D. de Menezes Nelson S. Massola Jr Stephan D. Flint Geraldo J. Silva Jr Luciano Bachmann Drauzio E. N. Rangel Gilberto U. L. Braga 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2015,91(2):397-402
Light conditions can influence fungal development. Some spectral wavebands can induce conidial production, whereas others can kill the conidia, reducing the population size and limiting dispersal. The plant pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum acutatum causes anthracnose in several crops. During the asexual stage on the host plant, Colletototrichum produces acervuli with abundant mucilage‐embedded conidia. These conidia are responsible for fungal dispersal and host infection. This study examined the effect of visible light during C. acutatum growth on the production of conidia and mucilage and also on the UV tolerance of these conidia. Conidial tolerance to an environmentally realistic UV irradiance was determined both in conidia surrounded by mucilage on sporulating colonies and in conidial suspension. Exposures to visible light during fungal growth increased production of conidia and mucilage as well as conidial tolerance to UV. Colonies exposed to light produced 1.7 times more conidia than colonies grown in continuous darkness. The UV tolerances of conidia produced under light were at least two times higher than conidia produced in the dark. Conidia embedded in the mucilage on sporulating colonies were more tolerant of UV than conidia in suspension that were washed free of mucilage. Conidial tolerance to UV radiation varied among five selected isolates. 相似文献
87.
Formulation of Aluminum Chloride Phthalocyanine in Pluronic™ P‐123 and F‐127 Block Copolymer Micelles: Photophysical properties and Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms 下载免费PDF全文
Bruno Henrique Vilsinski Adriana Passarella Gerola Junior Adalberto Enumo Katieli da Silva Souza Campanholi Paulo Cesar de Souza Pereira Gustavo Braga Noboru Hioka Elza Kimura André Luiz Tessaro Wilker Caetano 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2015,91(3):518-525
Aluminum Chloride Phthalocyanine (AlPcCl) can be used as a photosensitizer (PS) for Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms (PDI). The AlPcCl showed favorable characteristics for PDI due to high quantum yield of singlet oxygen (ΦΔ) and photostability. Physicochemical properties and photodynamic inactivation of AlPcCl incorporated in polymeric micelles of tri‐block copolymer (P‐123 and F‐127) against microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were investigated in this work. Previously, it was observed that the AlPcCl undergoes self‐aggregation in F‐127, while in P‐123 the PS is in a monomeric form suitable for PDI. Due to the self‐aggregation of AlPcCl in F‐127, this formulation did not show any effect on these microorganisms. On the other hand, AlPcCl formulated in P‐123 was effective against S. aureus and C. albicans and the death of microorganisms was dependent on the PS concentration and illumination time. Additionally, it was found that the values of PS concentration and illumination time to eradicate 90% of the initial population of microorganisms (IC90 and D90, respectively) were small for the AlPcCl in P‐123, showing the effectiveness of this formulation for PDI. 相似文献
88.
For Fermat curves F: aX n + bY n = Z n defined over F q , we establish necessary and sufficient conditions for F to be F q -Frobenius nonclassical with respect to the linear system of plane cubics. In the new F q -Frobenius nonclassical cases, we determine explicit formulas for the number N q (F) of F q -rational points on F. For the remaining Fermat curves, nice upper bounds for N q (F) are immediately given by the Stöhr–Voloch Theory. 相似文献
89.
J. Burgain J. Scher G. Francius F. Borges M. Corgneau A.M. Revol-Junelles C. Cailliez-Grimal C. Gaiani 《Advances in colloid and interface science》2014
This review gives an overview of the importance of interactions occurring in dairy matrices between Lactic Acid Bacteria and milk components. Dairy products are important sources of biological active compounds of particular relevance to human health. These compounds include immunoglobulins, whey proteins and peptides, polar lipids, and lactic acid bacteria including probiotics. A better understanding of interactions between bioactive components and their delivery matrix may successfully improve their transport to their target site of action. Pioneering research on probiotic lactic acid bacteria has mainly focused on their host effects. However, very little is known about their interaction with dairy ingredients. Such knowledge could contribute to designing new and more efficient dairy food, and to better understand relationships between milk constituents. The purpose of this review is first to provide an overview of the current knowledge about the biomolecules produced on bacterial surface and the composition of the dairy matter. In order to understand how bacteria interact with dairy molecules, adhesion mechanisms are subsequently reviewed with a special focus on the environmental conditions affecting bacterial adhesion. Methods dedicated to investigate the bacterial surface and to decipher interactions between bacteria and abiotic dairy components are also detailed. Finally, relevant industrial implications of these interactions are presented and discussed. 相似文献
90.
Sofia Nikolaou Sérgio Hiroshi Toma Vagner Roberto de Souza Juliano B. Alves Koiti Araki Henrique Eisi Toma 《Transition Metal Chemistry》2011,36(7):775-783
The triruthenium carboxylate cluster [Ru3O(OAc)6(py)2(bpp)]+ (OAc = acetate) containing the bridging 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane (bpp) ligand, and its dimeric species [{Ru3O(OAc)6(py2)}2(μ-bpp)]2+ were synthesized in order to investigate their inclusion compounds with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). Characterization of the complexes
was carried out based on spectroscopic, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical techniques, while the formation of inclusion
complexes was evaluated using 1H NMR/NOESY spectroscopy. Since bpp is a flexible ligand, a DFT study was carried out in order to characterize its conformational
isomers and their possible role in the host–guest chemistry with β-CD. Instead of observing the formation of inclusion compounds
with different stoichiometries, we observed the formation of 1:1 bpp/β-CD compounds in which the bpp ligand assumes different
conformations. The assembly of polymetallic rotaxane species was successfully demonstrated by monitoring the 1H NMR spectra of the monomeric cluster species in the presence of aquapentacyanoferrate(II) ions and β-CD. 相似文献