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21.
Matt Visser Carlos Barceló Stefano Liberati 《General Relativity and Gravitation》2002,34(10):1719-1734
Condensed matter systems, such as acoustics in flowing fluids, light in moving dielectrics, or quasiparticles in a moving superfluid, can be used to mimic aspects of general relativity. More precisely these systems (and others) provide experimentally accessible models of curved-space quantum field theory. As such they mimic kinematic aspects of general relativity, though typically they do not mimic the dynamics. Although these analogue models are thereby limited in their ability to duplicate all the effects of Einstein gravity they nevertheless are extremely important—they provide black hole analogues (some of which have already been seen experimentally) and lead to tests of basic principles of curved-space quantum field theory. Currently these tests are still in the realm of gedanken-experiments, but there are plausible candidate models that should lead to laboratory experiments in the not too distant future. 相似文献
22.
Albo Carlos Cavalheiro 《Applications of Mathematics》2006,51(6):619-628
In the paper we study the equation L
u
= f, where L is a degenerate elliptic operator, with Neumann boundary condition in a bounded open set μ. We prove existence and uniqueness
of solutions in the space H(μ) for the Neumann problem. 相似文献
23.
24.
Carlos Guerrero-Sanchez 《Applied Surface Science》2006,252(7):2555-2561
The application of combinatorial and high-throughput approaches in polymer research is described. An overview of the utilized synthesis robots is given, including different parallel synthesizers and a process development robot. In addition, the application of the parallel synthesis robots to reversible addition fragmentation termination (RAFT) radical polymerizations and ionic copolymerizations is overviewed. Moreover, first results concerning the process development of semi-batch free radical polymerizations are described. 相似文献
25.
J. Carlos Díaz-Ramos Ramón Vázquez-Lorenzo 《Differential Geometry and its Applications》2006,24(4):433-442
Explicit examples of Osserman 4-manifolds with exactly two distinct eigenvalues of the Jacobi operators, α and β=4α≠0, are given. The former has multiplicity two and is a double root of the minimal polynomial of the Jacobi operators. 相似文献
26.
Complementary regioselective esterification of non-reducing oligosaccharides catalyzed by different hydrolases 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The enzymatic transesterification of several tri- and tetrasaccharides with vinyl laurate is described. The lipases from Candida antarctica B (Novozym 435) and Thermomyces lanuginosus (Lipozyme TL IM) and the alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis (subtilisin Carlsberg) have been used with each carbohydrate to obtain different regioisomers. By using the sugars in their amorphous form, complete solubility is achieved in the reaction media (tert-butanol/pyridine mixtures for the lipases and pyridine for the protease) and high isolated yields of the corresponding monoesters are obtained. Good to excellent regioselectivity is observed for all the enzymes, showing a final complementary picture respect to the primary hydroxyls of the oligosaccharides studied. 相似文献
27.
A Garcia-Quiroz David L AzevedoE.C da Silva 《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》2002,63(10):1863-1866
Properties of oxygenated carbon nitride films have attracted the attention of physics researchers due to their magnetic and physical properties, as well as for their usefulness in the industry. The free radicals were investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance applied in the study of spin concentration due to the different mechanism of preparation of carbon nitride films by RF-discharge with different kinds of plasma. Unpaired spin concentrations, in the order of 1020 per cm3, were measured and their time recombination dependency was important in those films. The films were grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition using mixtures of hydrocarbons, N2 and O2 in different proportions. 相似文献
28.
A simple simulation scheme that simultaneously describes the growth kinetics of SiO2 films at the nanometer scale and the SiOx/Si interface dynamics (its extent, and spatial/temporal evolution) is presented. The simulation successfully applies to experimental data in the region above and below 10 nm, reproduces the Deal and Grove linear-parabolic law and the oxide growth rate enhancement in the very thin film regime (the so-called anomalous region). According to the simulation, the oxidation is governed mainly by two processes: (a) the formation of a transition suboxide layer and (b) its subsequent drift towards the silicon bulk. We found that it is the superposition of these two processes that produces the crossover from the anomalous oxidation region behavior to the linear-parabolic law. 相似文献
29.
F. S. de Aguiar L. B. Bernardes S. Goulart Rosa Jr. 《Journal of statistical physics》1991,64(3-4):673-682
Metastability in the ferromagneticp-state Potts model defined on the Cayley tree is discussed. It is shown that the sign of the boundary fieldH
s
determines the order of the transition as well as the stability of the low-temperature phase. Lowering the temperature withH
s
>0, a system withp<2 (p>2) will display a second (first)-order transition to a metastable (stable) phase. ForH
s
>0 a second (first)-order transition to a metastable (stable) phase occurs ifp>2 (p<2). In this case the system also has a residual entropy which is negative forp<2. 相似文献
30.
When an organization solves a portfolio problem with public projects evaluated by multiple criteria, in which the economic dimension is not essential or not well characterized, the classical methods are not useful. We propose a non-linear preference model developed from normative Value Theory and using fuzzy sets to model some sources of imprecision. This model can be considered as a generalization of the classical approaches. However, the optimization problem is very complex in order to be solved with non-linear programming techniques. Therefore, the model is exploited by an evolutionary algorithm, able to achieve a strong improvement of the quality of solution. 相似文献