A biofunctional polymeric coating for microcantilever molecular recognition

An innovative route to activate silicon microcantilevers (MCs) for label free molecular recognition is presented. The method consists in coating the underivatized MCs with a functional ter-polymer based on N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) bearing N-acryloyloxysuccinimide (NAS) and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl-methacrylate (MAPS), two functional monomers that confer to the polymer the ability to react with nucleophilic species on biomolecules and with glass silanols, respectively. The polymer was deposited onto MCs by dip coating. Polymer coated MCs were tested in both static and dynamic modes of actuation, featuring detection of DNA hybridization as well as protein/protein interaction. In the dynamic experiments, focused on protein detection, the MCs showed an average mass responsivity of 0.4 Hz/pg for the first resonant mode and of 2.5 Hz/pg for the second resonant mode. The results of the static experiments, dedicated to DNA hybridization detection, allowed for direct estimation of the DNA duplex formation energetics, which resulted fully consistent with the nominal expected values. These results, together with easiness and cheapness, high versatility, and excellent stability of the recognition signal, make the presented route a reliable alternative to standard SAM functionalization (for microcantilevers (MCs) and for micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) in general).     

Asymmetrische katalysen : XLVI. Enantioselektive Hydrosilylierung von Ketonen mit [Rh(COD)Cl]2 und optisch aktiven Stickstoff-Liganden

The synthesis and characterisation of 16 optically active nitrogen ligands, namely, pyridinethiazolidones, pyridinethiazolines, pyridinimidazolines, Schiff bases and bipyridines, are described. These ligands are used as cocatalysts together with the procatalyst [Rh(COD)Cl]₂ in the catalytic hydrosilylation of prochiral ketones with diphenylsilane. With these homogeneous in situ catalysts, optically active 1-phenylethanol is produced from acetophenone after hydrolysis of the silyl ether. The diastereomers of N-(1-phenylethyl)-2-(2-pyridinyl)-thiazolidine-4-one give opposite optical inductions. The best optical purity of 71.6% ee is obtained with a pinanyl-substituted bipyridine.     

Studies of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) blends. I. Thermal transitions by differential scanning calorimetry

Thermal measurements were carried out to investigate the macrostructure of as-cast poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) blends. At high PVP content, above about 70 wt.%, the two components form a homogeneously mixed amorphous phase whose T_g varies with composition. Crystals are formed upon casting mixtures richer in PVDF; these systems exhibit complex thermal behavior that cannot be justified by a simple two-phase model. DSC measurements above room temperature on semicrystalline blends show, in addition to the melting of PVDF crystals at temperatures that decrease on increasing PVP content, a glass transition at about 80°C, independent of composition. Experimental results strongly support the hypothesis that an interphase, composed of essentially undiluted noncrystalline PVDF, is always associated with the lamellar crystals.     

A graphical approach to redox titrations

Summary A method for drawing a logarithmic diagram which gives a correct representation of the equilibrium concentrations of the various species taking part in a redox titration is described. The use of this kind of diagrams for evaluating the titration error and for calculating the titration curve is illustrated. The symmetry properties of titration curves and the linearity range of Gran plots are also discussed on the basis of the logarithmic diagrams.

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Graphische Behandlung von Redox-Titrationen

Zusammenfassung Ein Verfahren wird beschrieben zur Aufstellung eines logarithmischen Diagramms, das eine korrekte Darstellung der Gleichgewichtskonzentrationen der verschiedenen Teilnehmer an einer Redoxtitration bietet. Der Gebrauch eines solchen Diagramms zur Auswertung des Titrationsfehlers und zur Berechnung der Titrationskurve wird gezeigt. Aufgrund der logarithmischen Diagramme werden auch die Symmetrieeigenschaften von Titrationskurven und der Linearitätsbereich von Gran-Diagrammen diskutiert.

     

Discrete Velocity Models Without Nonphysical Invariants

Models for mixtures of discrete velocity gases have been recently introduced by the authors and have produced unexpected results, particularly with regard to the possible existence of nonphysical collision invariants. Here we discuss a method to construct models without spurious invariants. The method can be extended to very general models, including polyatomic gases, chemical reactions, etc.     

Evolution of two concentrated vortices in a two-dimensional bounded domain

We prove that two initially concentrated vortices with opposite vorticity of an incompressible ideal fluid moving in a two-dimensional bounded domain, remain concentrated during the time. The motion of their centers converges to the solution of the point vortex model with the corresponding initial conditions.     

Space-time perturbation modes for non-linear dynamic analysis of beams

In this work an attempt is made at bridging the powerful perturbation methods of analytical dynamics to the versatile finite element techniques which can readily handle arbitrarily complex structures. The proposed analysis methodology has two distinguishing features. First, a space-time finite element formulation is used, and hence the concept of modes is here naturally extended to that of space-time modes, where the time dependency is implied in the assumed modes. As a result, the partial differential equations of motion are directly reduced to purely algebraic non-linear simultaneous equations. Second, perturbation modes, rather than the usual vibration mode shapes are used and shown to be an appropriate basis for non-linear dynamic analysis. These modes bring information about the non-linearities of the system through the higher order derivatives of the strain and kinetic energies. The procedure is illustrated on non-linear beam problems and the results are compared with those of a full finite element model, i.e., when all the degrees of freedom are considered, as well as with analytical results, when available.