Magnetic coupling in Gd(Fe6−x Cr x )Al6: A57Fe Mössbauer study

⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer measurements have been made on the ternary ThMn₁₂-type intermetallic compounds Gd(Fe_6–x Cr _x )Al₆ withx=0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0, at temperatures of 4.2 and 77 K. The principal effect of the Cr substitution is to reduce the⁵⁷Fe magnetic hyperfine field at 4.2 K in this series. The analysis of the⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectra is consistent with a ferromagnetic coupling between the Gd and Cr magnetic moments. These results are in agreement with previous studies by Felner et al. on GdCr₆Al₆, in which a ferromagnetic ordering withT _C=170 K was observed.On leave from Applied Acoustics Institute, Shaanxi Teachers University, Xian, PR China.     

A multipoint quasi-distributed optical fiber pH sensor

This paper reports the development and characterisation of a multipoint quasi-distributed optical fiber sensor for pH measurement. The system is based on a 170 m length of 200 μm core diameter plastic cladding silica fiber where sections of cladding have been removed and replaced with dye immobilised sol-gel glass to form sensing points. Evanescent wave excitation of a dye, immobilised within 2 mm long sections of cladding, enables the pH value of any spillage material to be determined by optical time domain reflectometry along the length of the fiber. The results suggest a spatial resolution of better than 2.5 meters for this fiber system and indicate that this arrangement could form the basis of a practical sensor/actuator system for chemical spillage, provided that suitable dye/analyte combinations are available.     

Model independent constraints on leptoquarks from rare processes

We present model independent constraints on the masses and couplings to fermions ofB andL conserving leptoquarks. Such vector or scalar particles could have masses below 100 GeV and be produced at HERA; we list the generation dependent bounds that can be calculated from rare lepton and meson decays, meson-anti-meson mixing and various electroweak tests.     

QCD corrections to J/psi and Upsilon production at hadron colliders

We calculate the cross section for hadroproduction of a pair of heavy quarks in a (3)S(1) color-singlet state at next-to-leading order in QCD. This corresponds to the leading contribution in the nonrelativistic QCD expansion for J/psi and Upsilon production. The higher-order corrections have a large impact on the p(T) distributions, enhancing the production at high p(T) at both the Fermilab Tevatron and the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The total decay rate of a (3)S(1) into hadrons at next-to-leading order is also computed, confirming for the first time the result obtained by Mackenzie and Lepage in 1981.     

System size and energy dependence of jet-induced hadron pair correlation shapes in Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at square root sNN=200 and 62.4 GeV

We present azimuthal angle correlations of intermediate transverse momentum (1-4 GeV/c) hadrons from dijets in Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at square root sNN=62.4 and 200 GeV. The away-side dijet induced azimuthal correlation is broadened, non-Gaussian, and peaked away from Delta phi=pi in central and semicentral collisions in all the systems. The broadening and peak location are found to depend upon the number of participants in the collision, but not on the collision energy or beam nuclei. These results are consistent with sound or shock wave models, but pose challenges to Cherenkov gluon radiation models.     

J/psi production versus centrality, transverse momentum, and rapidity in Au+Au collisions at square root sNN=200 GeV

The PHENIX experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has measured J/psi production for rapidities -2.2相似文献   

Plasma Photocathodes

Plasma wakefield accelerators offer accelerating and focusing electric fields three to four orders of magnitude larger than state-of-the-art radiofrequency cavity-based accelerators. Plasma photocathodes can release ultracold electron populations within such plasma waves and thus open a path toward tunable production of well-defined, compact electron beams with normalized emittance and brightness many orders of magnitude better than state-of-the-art. Such beams will have far-reaching impact for applications such as light sources, but also open up new vistas on high energy and high field physics. This paper reviews the innovation of plasma photocathodes, and reports on the experimental progress, challenges, and future prospects of the approach. Details of the proof-of-concept demonstration of a plasma photocathode in 90° geometry at SLAC FACET within the E-210: Trojan Horse program are described. Using this experience, alongside theoretical and simulation-supported advances, an outlook is given on future realizations of plasma photocathodes such as the upcoming E-310: Trojan Horse-II program at FACET-II with prospects toward excellent witness beam parameter quality, tunability, and stability. Future installations of plasma photocathodes also at compact, hybrid plasma wakefield accelerators, will then boost capacities and open up novel capabilities for experiments at the forefront of interaction of high brightness electron and photon beams.     

Shear-strain-rate effects in a high-strength aluminum alloy

Methods of investigating the plastic flow of materials at high rates are reviewed, and experiments are described in which thin-walled tubular specimens were subjected to dynamic torsional loading. These experiments were performed using a modified version of a torsional Hopkinsonbar apparatus used in earlier work. The results show that, at strain rates of order 10³ sec⁻¹, the stress-strain curve of the alloy tested does not differ significantly from that found at 10⁻³ sec⁻¹. In tests involving the propagation of a stress increment, however, it was found that the speed of propagation was that of elastic shear waves, indicating that the initial response of the material is essentially rate dependent.     

Wavefront sensing for single view three-component three-dimensional flow velocimetry

We present the application of wavefront sensing to particle image velocimetry for three-component (3C), three-dimensional (3D) flow measurement from a single view. The technique is based upon measuring the wavefront scattered by a tracer particle and from that wavefront the 3D tracer location can be determined. Hence, from a temporally resolved sequence of 3D particle locations the velocity vector field is obtained. Two approaches to capture the data required to measure the wavefronts are described: multi-planar imaging using a distorted diffraction grating and an anamorphic technique. Both techniques are optically efficient, robust and compatible with coherent and incoherent scattering from flow tracers. The depth (range) resolution and repeatability have been quantified experimentally using a single mode fiber source representing a tracer particle. The anamorphic approach is shown to have the greatest measurement range and hence was selected for the first proof of principle experiments using this technique for 3D particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) on a sparsely seeded gas phase flow.