Measurement of the refractive index of highly turbid media: reply to comment

Peiponen et al. [Opt. Lett.35, 4108 (2010)] have expressed concern that a theoretical model we proposed in Calhoun et al. [Opt. Lett.35, 1224 (2010)] for total internal reflection from a turbid medium may be inconsistent with the experimental data, in the sense that the model fails to take into account unexplained oscillations in our data. We show that their concern arises from misinterpretation of our data and theory, and is, therefore, unfounded. NOTE: Optics Letters apologizes to the authors for the delay in the publication of this Reply.     

A two dimensional asymmetrical crack problem

The distribution of stress in the neighborhood of a Griffith crack located asymmetrically in an infinitely long elastic strip is considered. It is assumed that the edges of the strip are stress free and that the crack is opened by an internal pressure varying along its length. Expressions are derived up to the order of δ^?8, where 2δ denotes the thickness of the strip, for the stress intensity factor, the shape of the deformed crack, and the crack energy.     

Correction to: Arterial Wall Stiffening in Caveolin-1 Deficiency-Induced Pulmonary Artery Hypertension in Mice

Experimental Mechanics - The original article was updated to include the missing section from eq. (4) to eq. (8).     

铸造铝青铜合金Cu-14Al-4Fe-Mn的摩擦磨损性能

用往复式摩擦磨损试验机考察了新型高强度、高耐磨性铸造铝青铜合金Cu-14Al-4Fe-Mn(代号HSWAB)的摩擦磨损性能,利用形貌扫描电子显微镜观察分析了合金磨损表面形貌,探讨了其磨损机理.结果表明,HSWAB合金在干摩擦和油润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能及磨损机理存在明显差异.在干摩擦条件下,合金中脱落的硬质点及氧化物等磨粒导致较为严重的磨粒磨损,摩擦系数高、磨损率大,主要磨损机理为磨粒磨损、粘着磨损、氧化磨损及疲劳磨损.在油润滑条件下,摩擦系数和磨损率均显著降低,疲劳磨损和氧化磨损受到抑制,主要磨损机理为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损.Cu-14Al-4Fe-Mn合金在油润滑条件下的摩擦系数低达0.08,磨损率低达3.7×10-6g/m,是一种优良的耐磨材料.     

Thieno[3,4-b]pyrazines: synthesis,structure, and reactivity

A general synthetic route has been developed for the efficient preparation of 2,3-disubstituted thieno[3,4-b]pyrazines. These methods eliminate problems in the preparation of the precursor 3,4-diaminothiophene and utilize alpha-diones prepared through the reaction of the appropriate organocuprates with oxalyl chloride. This combination allows the convenient preparation of thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine and its 2,3-disubstituted analogues (where substituent = methyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, and phenyl) in high yield. Characterization of the structure and reactivity of this class of compounds is also described, including the results of structural, electrochemical, and pK(a) studies.     

Managing missing measurements in small-molecule screens

In a typical high-throughput screening (HTS) campaign, less than 1 % of the small-molecule library is characterized by confirmatory experiments. As much as 99 % of the library’s molecules are set aside—and not included in downstream analysis—although some of these molecules would prove active were they sent for confirmatory testing. These missing experimental measurements prevent active molecules from being identified by screeners. In this study, we propose managing missing measurements using imputation—a powerful technique from the machine learning community—to fill in accurate guesses where measurements are missing. We then use these imputed measurements to construct an imputed visualization of HTS results, based on the scaffold tree visualization from the literature. This imputed visualization identifies almost all groups of active molecules from a HTS, even those that would otherwise be missed. We validate our methodology by simulating HTS experiments using the data from eight quantitative HTS campaigns, and the implications for drug discovery are discussed. In particular, this method can rapidly and economically identify novel active molecules, each of which could have novel function in either binding or selectivity in addition to representing new intellectual property.     

铁基大块非晶合金的摩擦磨损性能研究

采用电弧熔炼、铜模吸铸法制备Fe基大块非晶合金,利用球-盘式摩擦磨损试验机进行干摩擦磨损试验,研究了铸态Fe基大块非晶合金的摩擦磨损行为及热处理对其耐磨性的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜观察合金磨损表面形貌,分析了Fe基大块非晶合金以及相同成分晶态合金的磨损机理.结果表明:在本试验条件下,铸态Fe基大块非晶合金的耐磨性高于相同成分的晶态合金,热处理可以有效提高铸态Fe基大块非晶合金的耐磨性,在保持完全非晶状态的前提下,退火态非晶合金的磨损率较铸态非晶合金减小约40%;材料的结构和性能对合金的摩擦系数影响不大,当进入稳定阶段后Fe基大块非晶合金的摩擦系数稳定在0.58左右;不同处理状态的Fe基大块非晶合金和相同成分晶态合金的磨损机制不同,非晶合金的磨损机制以疲劳磨损为主兼有磨粒磨损,相同成分晶态合金的磨损机制为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损共同作用的结果.     

纳氏试剂测定水中氨氮影响因素的探讨

对国家生活饮用水标准检验方法\"GB/T5750—2006\"中涉及到的水中氨氮的检测条件进行了探讨,讨论了样品的采集与保存,影响显色、空白值的各项因素,并提出相应的解决办法。对国家标准物质以及实际样品的验证表明,方法的相对误差为0.03%~1.5%,相对标准偏差RSD为0.55%~5.3%,准确度也能满足分析要求,对国家标准方法进行了补充与细化,在实际工作中有参考价值。