Measurement of the refractive index of highly turbid media: reply to comment

Peiponen et al. [Opt. Lett.35, 4108 (2010)] have expressed concern that a theoretical model we proposed in Calhoun et al. [Opt. Lett.35, 1224 (2010)] for total internal reflection from a turbid medium may be inconsistent with the experimental data, in the sense that the model fails to take into account unexplained oscillations in our data. We show that their concern arises from misinterpretation of our data and theory, and is, therefore, unfounded. NOTE: Optics Letters apologizes to the authors for the delay in the publication of this Reply.     

Correction to: Arterial Wall Stiffening in Caveolin-1 Deficiency-Induced Pulmonary Artery Hypertension in Mice

Experimental Mechanics - The original article was updated to include the missing section from eq. (4) to eq. (8).     

Acoustical method of whole-body hydration status monitoring

An acoustical handheld hydration monitor (HM) for assessing the water balance of the human body was developed. Dehydration is a critical public health problem. Many elderly over age of 65 are particularly vulnerable as are infants and young children. Given that dehydration is both preventable and reversible, the need for an easy-to-perform method for the detection of water imbalance is of the utmost clinical importance. The HM is based on an experimental fact that ultrasound velocity in muscle is a linear function of water content and can be referenced to the hydration status of the body. Studies on the validity of HM for the assessment of whole-body hydration status were conducted in the Appalachian State University, USA, on healthy young adults and on elderly subjects residing at an assisted living facility. The HM was able to track changes in total body water during periods of acute dehydration and rehydration in athletes and day-to-day and diurnal variability of hydration in elderly. Results of human studies indicate that HM has a potential to become an efficient tool for detecting abnormal changes in the body hydration status.     

A two dimensional asymmetrical crack problem

The distribution of stress in the neighborhood of a Griffith crack located asymmetrically in an infinitely long elastic strip is considered. It is assumed that the edges of the strip are stress free and that the crack is opened by an internal pressure varying along its length. Expressions are derived up to the order of δ^?8, where 2δ denotes the thickness of the strip, for the stress intensity factor, the shape of the deformed crack, and the crack energy.     

铸造铝青铜合金Cu-14Al-4Fe-Mn的摩擦磨损性能

用往复式摩擦磨损试验机考察了新型高强度、高耐磨性铸造铝青铜合金Cu-14Al-4Fe-Mn(代号HSWAB)的摩擦磨损性能,利用形貌扫描电子显微镜观察分析了合金磨损表面形貌,探讨了其磨损机理.结果表明,HSWAB合金在干摩擦和油润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能及磨损机理存在明显差异.在干摩擦条件下,合金中脱落的硬质点及氧化物等磨粒导致较为严重的磨粒磨损,摩擦系数高、磨损率大,主要磨损机理为磨粒磨损、粘着磨损、氧化磨损及疲劳磨损.在油润滑条件下,摩擦系数和磨损率均显著降低,疲劳磨损和氧化磨损受到抑制,主要磨损机理为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损.Cu-14Al-4Fe-Mn合金在油润滑条件下的摩擦系数低达0.08,磨损率低达3.7×10-6g/m,是一种优良的耐磨材料.     

乙酸铵离心交换法和乙酸钙离心交换法测定土壤阳离子交换量

土壤阳离子交换量(CEC)的测定在农业中有重要的意义,对农业行业标准NY/T295—1995和NY/T1121.5—2006中的离心交换法测定土壤中CEC值的方法进行了优化,讨论了不同pH值的土壤样品对两种方法的选择依据,分析了CEC值测定重现性较差的原因。结果表明,pH值的范围是方法选择的重要依据,pH7.0的样品适合用乙酸铵离心交换法,pH≥7.0的样品则适用乙酸钙离心交换法。优化后方法的准确度和精密度有了较大的改善,实验中对各步骤的优化缩短了约40%的操作时间,减少工作量,适合于批量样品的准确测定。     

纳氏试剂测定水中氨氮影响因素的探讨

对国家生活饮用水标准检验方法"GB/T5750—2006"中涉及到的水中氨氮的检测条件进行了探讨,讨论了样品的采集与保存,影响显色、空白值的各项因素,并提出相应的解决办法。对国家标准物质以及实际样品的验证表明,方法的相对误差为0.03%~1.5%,相对标准偏差RSD为0.55%~5.3%,准确度也能满足分析要求,对国家标准方法进行了补充与细化,在实际工作中有参考价值。     

铁基大块非晶合金的摩擦磨损性能研究

采用电弧熔炼、铜模吸铸法制备Fe基大块非晶合金,利用球-盘式摩擦磨损试验机进行干摩擦磨损试验,研究了铸态Fe基大块非晶合金的摩擦磨损行为及热处理对其耐磨性的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜观察合金磨损表面形貌,分析了Fe基大块非晶合金以及相同成分晶态合金的磨损机理.结果表明:在本试验条件下,铸态Fe基大块非晶合金的耐磨性高于相同成分的晶态合金,热处理可以有效提高铸态Fe基大块非晶合金的耐磨性,在保持完全非晶状态的前提下,退火态非晶合金的磨损率较铸态非晶合金减小约40%;材料的结构和性能对合金的摩擦系数影响不大,当进入稳定阶段后Fe基大块非晶合金的摩擦系数稳定在0.58左右;不同处理状态的Fe基大块非晶合金和相同成分晶态合金的磨损机制不同,非晶合金的磨损机制以疲劳磨损为主兼有磨粒磨损,相同成分晶态合金的磨损机制为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损共同作用的结果.     

Complete 1H and 13C NMR spectral assignments for the glycoalkaloid dehydrocommersonine

The normal levels and types of glycoalkaloids found in commercial varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum) appear to present no hazard to human health. However when wild Solanum species are used in breeding endeavors, new and untested glycoalkaloids may be introduced. Recent studies of domestic crosses with a wild Solanum oplocense accession indicated that the levels of a non‐indigenous glycoalkaloid appeared associated with reduced defoliation by the Colorado potato beetle. The non‐indigenous glycoalkaloid was isolated from foliage of the wild S. oplocense accession and unambiguously characterized by high‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and NM analysis as the glycoalkaloid dehydrocommersonine. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.