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11.
Anthracene Substituted Co (II) and Cu (II) phthalocyanines; Preparations,Investigation of Catalytical and Electrochemical Behaviors
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An approach to investigation of catalytical behaviors of Co (II) and Cu (II) phthalocyanines is reported that is based on changing any parameter to effect these behaviors. Towards this end, new anthracene substituted Co (II) and Cu (II) phthalocyanines were prepared and characterized spectroscopic methods. New cobalt (II) and copper (II) phthalocyanines were used as catalyst for oxidation of different phenolic compounds (such as 2,3‐dichlorophenol, 4‐methoxyphenol, 4‐nitrophenol, 2,3,6‐trimethylphenol) with different oxidants. Then, electrochemical characterization of cobalt (II) and copper (II) phthallocyanines were determined by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) techniques. Although copper (II) phthalocyanine showed similar Pc based electron transfer processes, cobalt (II) phthalocyanine showed metal and ligand based reduction reactions as expected. 相似文献
12.
Various types of crystalline cellulose consisting of group I (cell I, IIII, IVI) and group II (cell II, IIIII, IVII) prepared from cotton linter were adjusted for their degree of polymerization (DP) as starting materials. These celluloses were then treated by semi-flow hot-compressed water (HCW) at 230–270 °C/10 MPa/2–15 min to study their decomposition behaviors. The treatments performed resulted in residues of celluloses and water-soluble (WS) portions. Consequently, the crystallinity of the residues was found to remain the same, but the DP was reduced as the temperature increased. Additionally, X-ray diffractometry and Fourier transform-infrared analyses demonstrated that crystallographic changes occurred for residues of cell IIII, IVI and IIIII. Despite these changes, the overall results of the residues showed that group I has higher resistance to decomposing than group II. As for the WS portions, the yields of the hydrolyzed and degraded products were higher in group II than group I, indicating that group II is less resistant to decomposition by HCW treatment. Results for both the residues and WS portions are in agreement with each other, showing that the degree of difficulty of decomposition was higher in group I than group II. Therefore, the decomposition behaviors of the celluloses are due to differences in the crystalline forms. 相似文献
13.
Evgenija A. Djurendić Olivera R. Klisurić Mihály Szécsi Marija N. Sakač Suzana S. Jovanović-Šanta Imre Ignáth Vesna V. Kojić Aleksandar M. Oklješa Marina P. Savić Katarina M. Penov-Gaši 《Structural chemistry》2014,25(6):1747-1758
Tetrakis-, tris-, bis-, and mono salicylic acid derivatives 1–4 were synthesized by reaction of methyl 2-hydroxy benzoate (methyl salicylate) with 2,2-bis (hydroxymethyl) propane-1,3-diol (pentaerythritol) in the presence of sodium. Yields of different salicyloyloxy derivatives were changed by varying the molar ratios of reactants. For compounds 2 and 3, X-ray structure analysis was performed, as well as molecular energy minimization, to define their conformation in terms of their energy minima. Comparison of crystal and energy minimized structures for these two compounds (2 and 3) revealed that the intramolecular hydrogen bonds play an important role, stabilizing conformation of the most part of the molecule. The antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of the synthesized derivatives were evaluated in a series of in vitro tests, as well as 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 inhibition potency. Tetrakis salicyloyloxy derivative 1 expressed the highest antioxidant potency, tris salicyloyloxy derivative 2 was the best inhibitor of 17βHSD2 enzyme, while bis salicyloyloxy derivative 3 showed strong cytotoxicity against prostate and breast cancer cells with no cytotoxicity against healthy cells. 相似文献
14.
Abdurrahman Özhan Ömer Şahin Mehmet Maşuk Küçük Cafer Saka 《Cellulose (London, England)》2014,21(4):2457-2467
In this work, activated carbon prepared from pine cone (PCAC) with ZnCl2 as an activation agent under microwave radiation was investigated. The activation step was performed at the microwave input power of 400 W and radiation time of 5 min. The properties of activated carbon were characterized by N2 adsorption Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results showed that the BET surface area, Langmuir surface area, and total pore volume of PCAC were 939, 1,486 m2/g and 0.172 cm3/g, respectively. Adsorption capacity was demonstrated by the iodine numbers. The adsorptive property of PCAC was tested using methylene blue dye. Equilibrium data was best fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model, showing a monolayer adsorption capacity of 60.97 mg/g. The pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were examined to evaluate the kinetic data, and the rate constants were calculated. Adsorption of the dyes followed pseudo-first order kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters such as free energy, enthalpy and entropy of dye adsorption were obtained. 相似文献
15.
A comparative study on chemical conversion of cellulose between the batch-type and flow-type systems in supercritical water 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Microcrystalline cellulose (avicel) was treated in supercritical waterusing batch-type and flow-type systems. The flow-type system made it possibletoshorten the heating, treating and cooling times, compared with the batch-typesystem. As a result, the flow-type system was able to liquefy avicel withoutproducing any supercritical water-insoluble residue. Although hydrolyzedproducts such as glucose and fructose, and pyrolyzed products such aslevoglucosan, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, erythrose, methylglyoxal,glycolaldehydeand dihydroxyacetone were found in common from the water-soluble portiontreatedby both systems, the flow-type system gave a water-soluble portion with morehydrolyzed and less pyrolyzed products, together with water-solubleoligosaccharides consisting of cellobiose to cellododecaose and theirdecomposedproducts at their reducing end of glucose, such as[–glucopyranosyl]1–11 –levoglucosan,[–glucopyranosyl]1–11 –erythrose and[–glucopyranosyl]1–11 –glycolaldehyde. Inaddition, the precipitates of polysaccharides were recovered after 12h setting of the water-soluble portion. These results indicatedthat the flow-type system can hydrolyze cellulose with minimizing pyrolyzedproducts. On the other hand, the batch-type system resulted in a higher yieldof the pyrolyzed products due to the longer treatment, but a higher yield ofglucose due possibly to the higher pressure and concomitantly higher ionicproduct of water. Based on these lines of evidence, the process to increase theyield of the sugar is discussed under supercritical water treatment. 相似文献
16.
Atsuo Yamada Kazuyuki Saka Makiko Uehara Sou Taminato Ryoji Kanno Fabrice Mauvy Claude Grenier 《Electrochemistry communications》2010,12(12):1690-1693
Electrode–electrolyte hetero-epitaxial systems for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with two different configuration of Nd2NiO4 + δ(110)//YSZ(100) and Nd2NiO4 + δ(100)//YSZ(110) were successfully fabricated by pulsed laser deposition. Thin films of Nd2NiO4 + δ approximately 20 nm thick were grown on a commercial single crystal of YSZ. The preferred two-dimensional diffusion paths of the oxide ions were perpendicular to the substrate for both configurations and showed oxygen reduction capability different from each other. This opens up new research direction focusing on the details of anisotropic catalytic activity of SOFC cathode depending on the crystalline surface. 相似文献
17.
Hironori Tohmyoh M. A. Salam Akanda Masumi Saka 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2011,103(2):285-291
A mechanical testing methodology for determination of elastic-plastic properties of very thin metallic wires using small-span
bending under lateral load is described. Sufficient strain is locally developed in the tested section of wire by unsymmetrical
bending with two opposite probes where one end of the wire is fixed on a substrate with rigid joint by Joule heat welding.
From the load-displacement relationships obtained experimentally, Young’s modulus is determined by analytical formulation.
Moreover, yield stress and hardening modulus of the wire are identified using an optimization strategy with finite-element
analyses. The thin Pt wires with a nominal diameter of about 625 nm are examined by the testing scheme and the wires are found
to have higher yield stress compared to bulk Pt. 相似文献
18.
M. Saka T. Shoji H. Takahashi H. Abé 《Journal of the mechanics and physics of solids》1982,30(4):209-224
A finite element analysis was performed to simulate crack tip blunting and the development of the intense strain region in a small compact tension specimen (0.4 T CT) of SA533B-1 under plane strain large-scale yielding, with the condition of large-geometry change around the crack tip taken into consideration. The region where the equivalent plastic strain g3p is greater than 0.15 was defined as the intense strain region, which corresponded to the recrystallized-etched zone delineated experimentally around the blunting crack tip. The development of the intense strain region was discussed as a function of the J-integral and the crack opening displacement. A linear relationship was obtained between the plastic work Wp dissipated within the intense strain region and (J/σy)2 or b2, where b is the crack opening displacement, defined as the separation of the two points at which the boundary of the intense strain region surrounding the crack tip intersects with the free surfaces of the crack. 相似文献
19.
Thermal discoloration of cellulose (Avicel PH-101 and Whatman No. 42 filter paper) was studied in N2 at 160-280 °C with glycerol-treated and NaBH4-reduced samples, to understand the role of the reducing end. Thermal discoloration of glycerol-treated Avicel PH-101, in which some of the reducing ends were converted into glycosides (non-reducing ends), was suppressed compared with the original cellulose, and the level of suppression was directly related to the extent of glycosylation of the reducing ends. The stabilization efficiency of glycerol-treated Whatman No. 42 filter paper suggested that the reducing ends newly formed by reduction of the degree of polymerization (DP) (to about 200) during heat treatment contributed to the discoloration. The important role of the reducing ends in thermal discoloration was supported by the stabilization of Avicel PH-101 by reduction with NaBH4 (giving a reducing end content that was 2% of that of the original cellulose). Thermally induced discoloration was also inhibited by heating cellulose in suspension in the polyether tetraethyleneglycol dimethylether, which has been reported to inhibit the thermal degradation of reducing sugars. 相似文献
20.
Cafer Coskun Murat Olgun 《Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics》2011,235(16):4834-4838
In this paper we investigate the principal functions corresponding to the eigenvalues and the spectral singularities of the boundary value problem