聚氯乙烯三乙撑四胺负载钯配合物的制备及对Heck反应的催化性能

以聚氯乙烯为原料, 通过胺化反应制得聚氯乙烯三乙撑四胺, 然后用较简单方法得到聚氯乙烯三乙撑四胺负载钯配合物(PVC-TETA-Pd), 利用XPS, TG, DTA和TEM等手段对其进行了表征. 热分析表明PVC-TETA-Pd在室温至250 ℃范围内有很好的热稳定性; TEM分析证实钯在PVC-TETA-Pd中分布比较均匀, 钯颗粒呈球形, 粒径在2～3 nm. PVC-TETA-Pd不需在惰性气体氛围中就能有效地催化丙烯酸、苯乙烯与芳基碘的Heck芳基化反应, 并且在较低的温度(40 ℃)或较少的催化剂用量(0.02%)下, 对Heck反应仍有较好的催化性能. PVC-TETA-Pd便于回收, 且有很好的重复使用性能, 对于碘苯与丙烯酸的反应, 重复使用十二次, 肉桂酸的产率仍达到80.1%.     

实时在线化学发光监测水体亚硝酸盐

构建了一个实时在线监测水体样品中低含量亚硝酸盐的化学发光分析系统。采用连续采样方式,在线将NO-2转换为HOONO并立即与Luminol反应,实现了对亚硝酸盐的全自动连续检测。方法的线性范围为1.0×10-8~1.0×10-5 mol/L,线性相关系数R2=0.9989,检出限为5.0×10-9 mol/L。与国家标准方法对比验证了新方法的可靠性。考察了自来水煮沸、持续煮沸、持续亚沸及多次煮沸等处理方式对亚硝酸盐含量的影响。实验表明,该分析系统可用于水加热处理过程和地表水中亚硝酸盐含量的监测。为健康饮水提供了参考依据。     

甲磺酸多沙唑嗪的合成

甲磺酸多沙唑嗪(doxazosin mesylate,Ⅰ)的化学名为1-(4-氨基-6,7-二甲氧基-2-喹唑啉基)-4-(1,4-苯骈二恶烷-2-甲酰基)哌嗪甲磺酸盐,是一种新型的高选择性α1受体阻滞剂[1],半衰期长,且有明显的降压和降脂作用,同时对单纯性前列腺增生引起的排尿困难具有良好的作用.目前已成为国内外治疗轻中度高血压的一线药物[2,3,4].     

聚甲醛在强磁场下结晶的形貌分析

采用电子显微分析、X射线衍射法、傅里叶红外光谱法及差示扫描量热法分析强磁场对聚甲醛的结晶形态与片晶分布的影响, 探讨了微观组织特征与晶体学取向之间的关系. 研究结果表明, 聚甲醛(POM)在强磁场(12 T)作用下, 片晶厚度以及片晶间距都发生了明显的增大, 熔点升高, 分子链受到磁场的诱导而趋于定向结晶, 产生了沿磁场方向排列的类似漩涡状的结晶形貌.     

考虑最佳入口温度的多股流换热器网络循环优化

针对于多股流换热器网络的应用优势,本文在衍生网络优化方法基础上,提出了考虑最佳入口温度的多股流换热器循环优化方法,即利用多股流换热器网络小面积换热器合并而不产生固定投资费用这一特点,将优化结果中存在公用工程的流体返回到另一种流体的入口并与其入口流体进行循环优化。结果表明,这种优化方法能够进一步发挥多股流换热器网络的优点,得到年综合费用更小、运行费用更低的网络结构。     

超高声速飞行器光学窗口气动光学效应分析

超高声速飞行器在大气中飞行时,由于气动热和气动力的作用,光学窗口会产生严重的气动光学效应,使目标图像发生像偏移、抖动、模糊和能量衰减。利用有限元分析方法对光学窗口的热光效应、弹光效应和窗口热变形进行研究,计算了由热光学效应、光学窗口热变形引起的点扩散函数峰值大小及峰值位置(像偏移)随时间的变化趋势。根据对温度场的分布分析,计算了温度梯度对透过率的影响以及透过率与窗口热辐射随时间变化的趋势,可为光学窗口的设计、材料的选择及后期的图像处理提供依据。     

煤液化沥青烯的荧光光谱表征及缔合结构研究

通过分子荧光光谱和紫外可见吸收光谱表征、研究了煤液化沥青烯结构及缔合行为。结果发现：煤液化沥青烯属于萘环结构为主的芳香化合物混合体系,具有强的荧光效应;溶剂与沥青烯分子能够形成激态复合物,导致沥青烯荧光峰红移和荧光猝灭;沥青烯分子间存在非共价键缔合作用,高温液化沥青烯芳香度高,缔合作用强;沥青烯分子间缔合属于逐步缔合过程,不存在“临界缔合浓度”,其表观荧光强度随浓度变化的临界浓度受激发波长影响。     

窄带吸收光谱扫描技术在气体定量检测中的应用

提出一种基于窄带气体吸收光谱扫描技术的气体定量测量系统。利用可调谐光纤滤波器(TOF)输出的窄带光作为探测光,结合波长调制技术,克服不同气体间的交叉敏感,提高了对环境中待测气体测量的选择性。为克服TOF非线性特性对测量结果的影响,提高系统运行稳定性,系统以光纤光栅反射光谱作为参考波长,实现了TOF透射光波长调制范围以及调制中心的稳定控制。为提高系统测试灵敏度,开发了以同步累积器为核心的微弱信号检测电路,实现了系统微弱响应信号的高灵敏度提取。以乙炔气体为实验气体,通过实验证明系统响应与输入乙炔气体浓度之间具有良好的线性关系。当信噪比为3时,系统最低检测限为5×10-6。     

The effect of the Taylor-Grtler vortex on Reynolds stress transport in the rotating turbulent channel flow

We investigates the effect of Taylor-Grtler vortex on the Reynolds stress transport in the rotating turbulent channel flow by direct numerical simulation. The Taylor-Grtler vortex is detected by longitudinal average of velocity fluctuation in the channel and defined as TG fluctuation. It has been found that turbulent diffusion is significant in the Reynolds stress transportation at the suction side of rotating turbulent channel in contrast with the turbulent channel flow without rotation and Taylor-Grtler vortex plays an important role in the turbulent diffusion in Reynolds stress transport. The paper focuses on the low and moderate rotation number, but the effect of the rotation number on the Reynolds stress transport is also reported.     

Cu/CuO-Graphene Foam with Laccase-like Activity for Identification of Phenolic Compounds and Detection of Epinephrine

Although great progress has been made in the advancement of nanozymes, most of the studies focus on mimicking peroxidase, oxidase, and catalase, while relatively few studies are used to mimic laccase. However, the use of nanomaterials to mimic laccase activity will have great potential in environmental and industrial catalysis. Herein, Cu/CuO-graphene foam with laccase-like activity was designed for the identification of phenolic compounds and the detection of epinephrine. In a typical experiment, the formation mechanism of Cu/CuO-graphene foam was investigated during the pyrolysis process by thermogravimetric-mass spectrometry. As a laccase mimic, Cu/CuO-graphene foam exhibited excellent catalytic activity with a Michaelis-Menten constant and a maximum initial velocity of 0.17 mmol/L and 0.012 mmol∙L^-1∙s^-1, respectively. Based on this principle, Cu/CuO-graphene foam nanozyme could differentially catalyze phenolic compounds and 4-aminoantipyrine for simultaneous identification of phenolic compounds. Furthermore, a colorimetric sensing platform was fabricated for the quantitative determination of epinephrine, showing linear responses to epinephrine in the range of 3 mg/mL to 20 mg/mL with the detection limit of 0.2 mg/mL. The proposed Cu/CuO-graphene foam nanozyme could be applied for the identification of phenolic compounds and the detection of epinephrine, showing great potential applications for environmental monitoring, biomedical sensing, and food detection fields.