Clean and Efficient Synthesis of Pyrazole Derivatives in Aqueous Media

A series of 5‐aryl‐1H‐pyrazole derivatives were synthesized via the reaction of 3‐(dimethylamino)‐1‐arylprop‐2‐en‐1‐one with hydrazine in aqueous media without using any catalyst. This method has the advantages of easier work‐up, mild reaction condition, high yields, and an environmentally benign procedure.     

Novel simple fluorescent sensor for nickel ions

A novel pyrazoline with benzimidazole substituent was conveniently synthesized, starting from a chalcone and 2-hydrazinylpyridine. The addition of Ni²⁺ to ethanol solution of the synthesized pyrazoline resulted in a rapid color change from blue to green which allows the selective detection of Ni²⁺ ion over a great number of other metal ions. The association constant for the 1:1 complex was determined to be 2.72 × 10⁷ M^?1.     

Synthesis of 4,8-dimethoxy-1-naphthol via an acetyl migration

Based on acetyl migration, an efficient synthesis of 4,8-dimethoxy-1-naphthol (1) has been achieved with high overall yield. Compared with the reported method, there were several advantages. First, the reaction conditions were mild. Second, the workup of each step was much simpler. Third, juglone as the starting material in the synthesis was readily available. The solvent and reaction temperature greatly influenced the migration process.     

Solvent-aided phase separation in hydrogel towards significantly enhanced mechanoresponsive strength

Understanding working principles and thermodynamics behind phase separations, which have significant influences on condensed molecular structures and their performances, can inspire to design and fabricate anomalously and desirably mechanoresponsive hydrogels. However, a combination of techniques from physicochemistry and mechanics has yet been established for the phase separation in hydrogels. In this study, a thermodynamic model is firstly formulated to describe solvent-aided phase and microphase separations in the hydrogels, which present significantly improved mechanoresponsive strengths. Flory–Huggins theory and interfacial energy equation have further been applied to model the thermodynamics of concentration-dependent and temperature-dependent phase separations. An intricately detailed phase map has finally been formulated to explore the working principle. The thermodynamic methodology of phase separations, combined with the constitutive stress–strain relationships, has a great potential to explore the working mechanisms in mechanoresponsive hydrogels.

Graphic abstract

     

求解弹性梁的普遍化方法

介绍了一种求解弹性梁的新方法．该方法利用奇异函数与拉普拉斯变换相结合的方法导出弹性梁弯曲变形的普遍表达式，并利用边界条件确定约束力，对具有任意支承形式、受力状况和阶梯形状的静定或超静定梁具有普适性．     

Mechanical and electrochemical properties of platinum coating by double glow plasma on titanium alloy substrate

In this paper, a platinum coating was deposited on titanium alloy substrate by a double glow plasma. Phase and microstructure of platinum coating were examined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The microhardness of the coating was estimated by nanoindentation instrument. The adhesive force between the coating and the substrate was performed with scratch tester. The electrochemical behavior of the platinum coating in 3.5 wt % sodium chloride solution was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization. The results indicated that an adherent platinum coating could be successfully obtained on titanium alloy substrates. Compared with the titanium alloy substrate, the platinum coating had a relative low corrosion current density and high corrosion potential. It indicated that the platinum coating had a better corrosion resistance than the titanium alloy substrate.     

Pesticide‐conjugated polyacrylate nanoparticles: novel opportunities for improving the photostability of emamectin benzoate

Emamectin benzoate, a macrocyclic lactone, can be used in low quantities to control arthropod pests, effectively. However, its poor photostability prevents its further use. To delay its photodegradation, novel acrylate‐type polymeric nanoparticles were synthesized and tested as materials for improving pesticide photostability. N‐acylated emamectin benzoate was synthesized via bonding emamectin benzoate to acrylamide. The resulting pesticide, containing the double bond linkage –C=C–N–, was copolymerized with butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate by the emulsion polymerization method. The refined polymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectroscopy, and result illustrated the pesticide was conjugated to the polymers. Atomic force microscope and dynamic light scattering analyses were also used for determining the average particle diameters of pesticide–polymer conjugates. Photostability tests showed that the nanoparticles obtained exhibited greatly improved photostability. Additionally, the laboratory toxicity tests demonstrated that the insecticidal effects of the novel emamectin benzoate formulation were better than those of the control pesticide formulation (emamectin benzoate EC). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An Efficient Synthesis of New Dispiropyrrolidine Derivatives via Three‐Component 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction

A series of new dispiropyrrolidine derivatives were synthesized via the three‐component 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azomethine ylides generated in situ by the decarboxylative condensation of acenaphthenequinone and sarcosine or l ‐thioproline with 5‐benzylidene‐1,3‐dimethylpyrimidine‐2,4,6‐trione. The structures of the products were identified by IR, ¹H‐NMR, and HRMS spectra.     

线型脲醛树脂的半结晶模板化作用

酸性条件下硅溶胶体系中尿素和甲醛聚合反应会产生脲醛树脂-氧化硅杂化沉淀. 沉淀的质量随有机组分比例的增加而增加, 当尿素和甲醛物质的量比≥1.0时生成沉淀的量为恒定最大值. 红外分析表明杂化材料在3348, 1635, 1572和784 cm^－1处产生了可被归结为线型结构(—[NHCONHCH₂]_n—)的特征吸收. XRD分析表明这种线型分子可形成氢键(C＝O…H—N)导向型的半结晶. 微分热重和XRD结果证明结晶物种在290 ℃完全分解. SEM表征显示半结晶杂化沉淀以三维网络结构为特征, 具有层状结晶的各向异性, 其初级粒子即使在室温下干燥也容易开裂. 随着反应时间的延长、酸性的增加或无机组分量的相对增加杂化粒子变得更加致密. 液氮吸附结果证明沉淀焙烧后所得氧化硅材料的结构具有层状孔结构性质, 其比表面积、孔尺寸和孔体积可以达到510 m²/g, 14.3 nm和1.68 cm³/g. 改变反应体系的酸性和反应组分配比等条件可以方便地控制杂化材料的结构.