单细胞与空间转录组分析研究进展

单细胞的异质性在胚胎发育、神经系统发育、癌症病变等生物学过程中具有重要的研究意义。单细胞转录组测序利用测序技术解析细胞内转录本序列,为细胞异质性研究提供可靠、准确的研究手段及观测视野,为揭示生物发育规律、疾病发生发展机制等提供了重要的技术手段。该文围绕单细胞与空间组学分析,综述了近年来发展的各类单细胞转录组测序、单细胞多组学测序及空间转录组分析方法,分析了其优缺点。同时展望了单细胞与空间转录组分析领域的发展趋势,即开发低成本、全方位、高通量、高分辨的单细胞空间多组学分析方法以实现对单个细胞更为细致、全面及准确的描述和精准单细胞图谱构建。     

氧化铈在生物分析与传感检测中的应用研究进展

铈是镧系元素中活性最高的一种稀土元素,氧化铈已广泛应用于抛光剂、脱色剂、催化剂、发光增强剂等领域。Ce3+/Ce4+之间自发的氧化还原循环可在氧化铈晶面上产生许多氧空位（V?）,加快反应中的电荷转移,使氧化铈具有很高的催化活性和储放氧能力。混合价态自发的氧化还原循环以及由此产生的氧空位对氧化铈的性质有着重大影响,使其表现出独特的抗菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤和模拟酶等生物医学活性,可用于多种疾病的诊疗。此外,氧化铈还可单独使用或与其他材料掺杂、复合来构建灵敏的传感材料,应用于多种物质的分析与检测,并已成为国内外研究的热点。该文首先阐明了氧化铈作为传感材料的理论基础,然后分别从电化学传感、比色传感、荧光传感和化学发光传感四个方面对国内外氧化铈传感检测领域的应用进展进行了归纳,最后对氧化铈传感器的研发现状进行总结并对未来发展进行了展望,为高性能传感器的研发提供了参考。     

QuEChERS结合超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法同时测定全血中10种新型合成大麻素

建立了QuEChERS结合超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UPLC-QE-Orbitrap MS)同时测定全血中10种新型合成大麻素的分析方法。全血样本经优化的QuEChERS法提取后,采用Hypersil GOLDTMVanquish色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.9μm),以0.1%甲酸水和0.1%甲酸乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离,在加热电喷雾离子源正离子/平行反应监测(HESI+/PRM)模式下同时进行检测。结果表明,10种目标物质在对应质量浓度范围内呈良好线性,相关系数(r²)均不小于0.999 0,检出限(LOD)为0.01～0.05 ng/mL,定量下限(LOQ)为0.05～0.20 ng/mL,回收率为92.1%～115%,基质效应为86.6%～115%,日内相对标准偏差(RSD)均不大于8.5%,日间RSD均不大于10%。该方法具有操作简便、选择性好,检测灵敏度及回收率高的特点,适用于法庭科学全血样本中合成大麻素的检验鉴定。     

接枝改性PVDF基含氟聚合物

聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF基)含氟聚合物由于其独特的性能受到了广泛的关注.将功能化链段引入PVDF基含氟聚合物可以进一步提升其性能并拓展其应用领域.相较于物理共混法和直接共聚改性法,通过接枝改性法将功能化单体引入含氟聚合物的侧链具有更显著的优势,可便捷、高效地得到组成精确,结构可控的接枝共聚物.本文综述了通过活性自由基聚合(...     

Cardiorenal Protective Effect of Costunolide against Doxorubicin-Induced Toxicity in Rats by Modulating Oxidative Stress,Inflammation and Apoptosis

Doxorubicin (DXB) is one of the most commonly used anticancer agents for treating solid and hematological malignancies; however, DXB-induced cardiorenal toxicity presents a limiting factor to its clinical usefulness in cancer patients. Costunolide (COST) is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone with excellent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. This study evaluated the effect of COST on DXB-induced cardiorenal toxicity in rats. Rats were orally treated with COST for 4 weeks and received weekly 5 mg/kg doses of DXB for three weeks. Cardiorenal biochemical biomarkers, lipid profile, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, histological and immunohistochemical analyses were evaluated. DXB-treated rats displayed significantly increased levels of lipid profiles, markers of cardiorenal dysfunction (aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, troponin T, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and creatinine). In addition, DXB markedly upregulated cardiorenal malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 levels and decreased glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. COST treatment significantly attenuated the aforementioned alterations induced by DXB. Furthermore, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that COST ameliorated the histopathological features and reduced p53 and myeloperoxidase expression in the treated rats. These results suggest that COST exhibits cardiorenal protective effects against DXB-induced injury presumably via suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.     

水系钠离子电池的研究进展及实用化挑战

水系钠离子电池因其安全性高、成本低、环境友好等突出优势近些年来受到了广泛而深入的研究,在取得巨大进展的同时也逐步开始了产业化进程.但是与有机体系二次电池相比,水系钠离子电池仍然极大地受限于电解液较窄的电化学稳定窗口和电极材料较差的循环稳定性.迄今为止,如何解决上述问题依然是这一领域发展的关键.本综述主要概述了水系钠离子...     

Cytosolic escape of mitochondrial DNA triggers cGAS-STING-NLRP3 axis-dependent nucleus pulposus cell pyroptosis

Low back pain (LBP) is a major musculoskeletal disorder and the socioeconomic problem with a high prevalence that mainly involves intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, characterized by progressive nucleus pulposus (NP) cell death and the development of an inflammatory microenvironment in NP tissue. Excessively accumulated cytosolic DNA acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that is monitored by the cGAS-STING axis to trigger the immune response in many degenerative diseases. NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis is a type of inflammatory programmed death that promotes a chronic inflammatory response and tissue degeneration. However, the relationship between the cGAS-STING axis and NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of IVD degeneration remains unclear. Here, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathology to demonstrate that cGAS, STING, and NLRP3 are associated with the degree of IVD degeneration. Oxidative stress induced cGAS-STING axis activation and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in a STING-dependent manner in human NP cells. Interestingly, the canonical morphological and functional characteristics of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening with the cytosolic escape of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were observed in human NP cells under oxidative stress. Furthermore, the administration of a specific pharmacological inhibitor of mPTP and self-mtDNA cytosolic leakage effectively reduced NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptotic NP cell death and microenvironmental inflammation in vitro and degenerative progression in a rat disc needle puncture model. Collectively, these data highlight the critical roles of the cGAS-STING-NLRP3 axis and pyroptosis in the progression of IVD degeneration and provide promising therapeutic approaches for discogenic LBP.Subject terms: Cell death, Diseases     

国外新近出版的几本大学普通化学教材

对国外新近出版的5种大学普通化学教材从编写背景(历史)、知识内容、编排体系、版式风格、难易程度、读者反映等几方面进行了介绍。对于了解国外普通化学教材现状,选用优秀的教科书进行普通化学教学,具有一定的借鉴意义。     

单原子粒子体系标准摩尔熵和标准摩尔焓的计算

根据统计热力学原理,对单原子粒子体系(固体化合物中阳离子体系和气态阳离子体系)的标准摩尔熵和标准摩尔焓的计算公式进行理论推导,并根据文献中的实验数据进行计算机拟合,得到定量数学模型。通过模型检验,计算值与实验值非常吻合,说明此模型很好地揭示了影响单原子体系标准摩尔熵和标准摩尔焓的微观本质因素。     

大学无机化学实验中碱式碳酸铜制备方法探讨

探讨大学无机化学实验中有关碱式碳酸铜制备的实验方法,并以Cu(NO3)2为原料、NaOH和Na2CO3的混合液为沉淀剂制备碱式碳酸铜。讨论反应物最佳配比、pH、温度等因素对产品的影响,并对所制产品进行XRD分析,提出一种制备碱式碳酸铜的大学无机化学实验方法。