Theoretische Betrachtung der Diels-Alderschen Reaktion auf Grund der LCAO-MO-Theorie

Zusammenfassung Vorliegende Arbeit bietet eine theoretische Betrachtung derDiels-Alderschen Reaktion mit Hilfe der LCAO-MO-Methode in derHückelschen Näherung unter der grundsätzlichen Voraussetzung der dem aktiven Komplex vorausgehenden -Komplexbildung zwischen dem Dien und Dienophil. Die als Resultat der Wechselwirkung zwischen Dien und Dienophil auftretende, im Bereich des Energieminimums berechnete Delokalisationsenergie steht in linearer Korrelation zur Aktivierungsenergie.Am Beispiel der Wechselwirkung des Cyclopentadiens mit unterschiedlichen Dienophilen wird gezeigt, daß die Delokalisationsenergie inendo-Stellung des Diens und Dienophils stets kleiner ist als inexo-Stellung, was den Satz vonAlder erklärt.

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TheDiels-Alders reaction has been studied theoretically using the conventionalHückel LCAO-MO method. The investigation is based on regarding the formation of a -complex from the diene and dienophil as a forerunner of the transition state. A linear correlation exists between the energy of delocalization resulting from the diene—dienophil interaction and calculated for the region of the energy minimum and the energy of activation. The interaction of cyclopentadiene with various dienophils is used as an example showing that the delocalization energy of theendo situated diene and dienophil is always lower than the delocalization energy of theexo oriented ones, a fact that explainsAlders rule.

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Mit 5 Abbildungen     

The role of metallic palladium in the reductive decomposition of π-allyl palladium chloride in aqueous alkaline solutions

Russian Chemical Bulletin -     

Divinyl Sulfoxide: XI. Selective Addition of Carbonodithioate Anions to Divinyl Sulfoxide in the Water-Benzene System

Selective monoaddition of carbonodithioate anions to divinyl sulfoxide gives rise to O-alkyl S-[2-(vinylsulfinyl)ethyl] carbonodithioates [ROC(S)SK, R = Et, Bu; 42–50°C, 6 h, NaHCO₃, aqueous benzene].     

Synthesis and electrochemical applications of fluorinated vinylazole copolymers for monitoring NO in model and biological systems

Copolymers of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole and 5-vinyltetrazole with 1,1,5-trihydrooctafluoropentyl methacrylate and 1,1,7-trihydrododecafluoroheptyl methacrylate were prepared under the conditions of radical initiation. These copolymers were used for modification of the surface of a glassy carbon electrode, and the effect of the modification on the electrochemical behavior of the electrode in anodic oxidation of dopamine and NO was studied. The possibility of enhancing the selectivity of the electrochemical sensor for monitoring NO in biological media was demonstrated.     

Organoinorganic composites based on tetraethoxysilane and nitrogen polybases

Hybrid organoinorganic composites insoluble in water and organic solvents were prepared by the hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane in the presence of poly-1-vinylpyrazole, poly-1-vinylimidazole, and poly-4-vinylpyridine. The composition of the composites was determined by the nature of the polymeric nitrogen base and hydrolysis conditions. The composites synthesized showed high sorption activity in the extraction of the [PdCl₄]^2?, [PtCl₆]^2?, and [AuCl₄]^? ions from hydrochloric acid solutions.     

Application of solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to characterize intermediates in a joint solar-microbial process for total mineralization of Aroclor 1254

A combined solid-phase microextraction-GC-MS analytical technique was used to monitor the formation of metabolites in the biodegradation of biphenyl, which were originally obtained from the solar photodechlorination of Aroclor 1254 by Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 and Burkholderia sp LB400. In both cases, the following metabolites were detected: 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-OH-BP), 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl (2,3-di-OH-BP), and benzoic acid, which was detected as its benzoate derivative 1-methylethylbenzoate. A time course study for the formation and disappearance of these metabolites was used to construct a degradation pathway, which in both cases, involved the formation of 2-OH-BP and 2,3-di-OH-BP.     

Dehydrogenation of 1-(diphenylphosphinoyl)-2-(N′-phenylhydrazino)ethane and N-butyl-N′-phenylhydrazine

Dehydrogenation of 1-(diphenylphosphinoyl)-2-hydrazino-substituted ethanes and N-butyl-N′-phenylhydrazine to the corresponding hydrazone derivatives is performed. Both reactions were established to involve predominantly, if not exclusively, an azo intermediate.