A Facile Synthesis of 2-Imino-1-pyrrolidinealkanoic Acids

Sulfuryl chloride isocyanate was used in a mild, one pot conversion of methyl 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinealkanoic acid esters 5–7 to their corresponding 2-imino-1-pyrrolidinealkanoic acids 2–4.     

Quadrupole hyperfine structure of the microwave spectrum of 1,2,4-triazole and N-deuterotriazole

We report the analysis of the hyperfine structure in the microwave spectrum of 1,2,4-Triazole. Principal quadrupole coupling constants at each of the three inequivalent ¹⁴N nuclei have been obtained.     

Microwave spectrum of NF2

About 350 lines in the microwave spectrum of NF₂ have been measured in various ranges of frequency between 13.0 and 65.2 GHz by using two types of Zeeman effect spectrometers. Complete assignment of all lines has been achieved and, via the general microwave computer program SPINRO, the rotational constants, centrifugal distortion constants, dipole moment, electronic spin-rotation coupling constants, the constants for the coupling of the several nuclear spins with the electron spin and the nitrogen quadrupole coupling constants have all been obtained.By drawing upon the observed vibrational frequencies the average geometry of NF₂ has been evaluated. Force constants and Coriolis coupling constants have also been derived.The values of the spin coupling constants for N and for F indicate that NF₂ is a π-radical with the spin density mainly located on nitrogen. The multiplet patterns indicate that the ground electronic state wavefunction is antisymmetric to rotation about the molecular symmetry axis and so, for a π-radical, identifies the ground state as ²B₁ as has previously been assumed for this molecule.     

The null-field approach and the propagation of elastic surface waves along cylindrical cavities

The existence of surface wave modes, propagating along an infinite cylindrical cavity of general, constant cross section is demonstrated for two non-elliptic geometries. The method used is the null-field approach with global expansions of the surface displacement. The use of Fourier expansions for the surface fields is carefully investigated. Numerical results are presented for the phase velocities and the surface displacements.     

Nuclear quadrupole coupling in the microwave spectrum of 1,2,3-triazole

The hyperfine structure in the microwave spectra of 1,2,3-triazole and N-deutero 1,2,3-triazole has been analyzed. The coupling constants derived from the analysis of each isotopic species have been combined to give the principal nuclear quadrupole coupling constants at the sites of the three inequivalent ¹⁴N nuclei.     

The electronic structure of the NF2 radical

Ab initio unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) calculations (with and without single annihilation) have been performed on the radical NF₂ using four different basis sets; namely, a minimal basis Slater set, two minimal basis Gaussian sets and a Gaussian set of approximately double zeta accuracy.Several one-electron charge dependent properties have been calculated with each basis set and it is most apparent that near double zeta accuracy 2p functions are necessary to produce reliable values.Single annihilation of the UHF wavefunctions calculated with the two basis sets containing near double zeta 2p functions, was found to give an accurate representation of the anisotropic coupling constants at both the nitrogen and fluorine atoms. Less satisfactory agreement with the experimental isotropic coupling constants was found with all calculations.This investigation of the NF₂ radical indicates that, providing a good quality basis set is used, the single annihilated UHF method can provide accurate values for most charge and spin dependent observable properties of open shell molecules.

---

Zusammenfassung Ab intio-Rechnungen nach der uneingeschränkten Hartree-Fock-Methode (UHF-Methode) (mit und ohne einfache Auslöschung) wurden für das Radikal NF₂ mit verschiedenen Basissätzen durchgeführt. Die vier Basissätze sind: ein minimaler Basissatz von Slaterfunktionen, zwei minimale Basissätze von Gaußfunktionen und ein größerer Satz von Gaußfunktionen von angenäherter Genauigkeit einer Doppelzeta-Basis. Der Vergleich der Basissätze bei der Berechnung von ladungsabhängigen Einelektron-Eigenschaften zeigt, daß der angenäherte Doppelzeta-Basissatz zur Berechnung geeigneter Werte notwendig ist. Eine einfache Auslöschung in den UHF-Wellenfunktionen, die mit den beiden Basissätzen mit genäherten Doppelzeta-2p-Funktionen berechnet wurden, führte auf eine genaue Darstellung der anisotropen Kopplungskonstanten am Stickstoff und an Fluor. Die Übereinstimmung der berechneten isotropen Kopplungskonstanten war bei allen Rechnungen weniger gut. Diese Ergebnisse für das NF₂-Radikal zeigen, daß bei Verwendung einer geeigneten Basis mit Hilfe der UHF-Methode mit einfacher Auslöschung genaue Werte für die meisten von der Ladung oder vom Spin abhängigen Eigenschaften von Molekülen mit offenen Schalen gewonnen werden können.

     

Simplified ab-initio calculations for molecular systems

A method is described for reducing a large part of the arithmetic of exact ab-initio SCF molecularorbital calculations based on Slater-type-orbitals without noticeable loss of numerical accuracy. The procedure involves the transformation to Löwdin orthogonalized orbitals and then invoking the NDDO approximation. The three- and four-centre two-electron integrals required are estimated by a truncated Ruedenberg expansion. All one-electron integrals are evaluated exactly. No empirical parameters are employed. Numerical tests on CO, OF₂, O₃ and ONF show that the NDDO approximation is very accurate for Löwdin functions and that the Ruedenberg expansion is arithmetically satisfactory for the SCF MO calculations.     

In vitro mineral availability from digested tea: a rich dietary source of managanese

Tea is potentially a rich source of some dietary metals and approximately 70 l are drunk per capita per year in the UK. In particular, tea may be an important source of Mn, since leaf tea contains 350-900 micrograms g-1 of this essential element. However, the leaching and bioavailability of Mn from tea have been little studied, so a recently developed in vitro assay was applied to compare the bioavailability of Mn from tea infusions with that of other major and trace essential elements. Analysis of tea infusions before digestion showed that 1.0 l contained 115% of the average daily dietary intake of Mn but < 6% of all other minerals. Samples of these infusions were incubated with human gastric juice (37 degrees C, 1 h) and some were then adjusted to pH 6.5 to simulate intestinal pH. All were centrifuged through ultrafilters with molecular mass cut-offs of 3, 10 and 30 kDa. The percentages of ultrafilterable (< 3 kDa) elements following simulated gastrointestinal digestion were (n = 3; mean +/- s) Ca 47.7 +/- 10.7, Cu 45.3 (n = 1), Fe < 5, Mg 66.4 +/- 1.6, Mn 39.8 +/- 11.4, K 40.3 +/- 2.2, Na 100.0 +/- 5.3 and Zn 33.7 +/- 1.1. Hence the ultrafilterability of elements showed the general trend M+ > M2+ > M3+, which is probably the inverse of the order of their strengths of binding to tea polyphenols. However, Mn was the only element found in significant dietary amounts in tea, and under simulated intestinal conditions was still 40% bioavailable.