射频辉光放电CH4等离子体一维流体动力学模拟

完整建立一个关于射频辉光放电CH₄等离子体的流体动力学模型.模型包括基于迁移-扩散近似的粒子平衡方程、电子能量平衡方程,共包含了20种粒子(环境气体粒子,激发态粒子,离子和电子)和49类化学反应(电子-中性环境粒子、离子-中性环境粒子、激发态粒子-激发态粒子(中性环境粒子)).结果表明,在强电场区域有较高的电子反应率系数;等离子体中除源气体CH₄外,H₂,C₂H₆,C₃H₈,C₂H₄和C₂H₂也有较高的密度含量;激发态粒子中,CH₃含量最高,密度约为10¹⁹m^-3;在较低放电压力时(如18 Pa),CH₅⁺在离子成分中密度含量最高,当放电压力较高时(如67Pa),C₂H₅⁺在离子成分中占主导地位;除C₂H₅⁺外,其它各离子和激发态粒子在极板上的粒子流量随功率的增大逐渐升高.     

Electron energy-loss spectroscopy of anomalous plutonium behavior in nuclear waste materials

Plutonium-enriched layer has been observed in corroded spent uranium oxide fuel (CSNF). These Pu-enriched regions were examined with analytical transmission electron microscopy combined with electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). The enriched region also contained U, Am, Ru, Zr, but only minor enrichment of rare earth elements. The Pu, possibly as Pu(V) according to EELS measurements, was dispersed within re-precipitated uranium oxide (identified as U3O8) nano-crystals between U(VI) secondary phases and the CSNF surface. The U, Pu, and Am enrichment was observed in the corrosion products with tests on different nuclear fuels. This may have implications for the long-term behavior of CSNF under storage in a geologic waste repository. Furthermore, there may be an increased potential for the generation of Pu-bearing colloids from this type of weathered CSNF.     

On the nature and signatures of the solvated electron in water

The hydrated electron is one of the simplest chemical transients and has been the subject of intense investigation and speculation since its discovery in 1962 by Hart and Boag. Although extensive kinetic and spectroscopic research on this species has been reported for many decades, its structure, i.e., the dominant electron-water binding motif, and its binding energy remained uncertain. A recent milestone in the research on the hydrated electron was the determination of its binding energy by liquid-jet photoelectron spectroscopy. It turned out that the assumption of a single electron binding motif in liquid water is an oversimplification. In addition to different isomers in cluster spectroscopy and different transient species of unknown structure in ultrafast experiments, long-lived hydrated electrons near the surface of liquid water have recently been discovered. The present article gives an account of recent work on the topic "solvated electrons" from the perspectives of cluster spectroscopy, condensed-phase spectroscopy, as well as theory. It highlights and critically discusses recent findings and their implications for our understanding of electron solvation in aqueous environments.     

一维新型阶梯函数光子晶体透射特性

研究了阶梯型折射率n22、n11(阶梯分布高度)的大小、对应的分布厚度、不同入射角以及缺陷模对阶梯函数型光子晶体透射特性的影响.由费马原理给出光在函数光子晶体中的运动方程,再由电磁传播理论给出函数光子晶体的传输矩阵,进一步推导出函数光子晶体的透射率以及电场分布的表达式.研究表明,1)随n22,n11大小或者厚度改变,其禁带变宽;2)随光的入射角增加,其禁带变窄;3)当加入缺陷层时,随着缺陷层介质折射率增加,缺陷模强度减小且位置发生红移;4)在函数光子晶体中,缺陷层前电场分布保持不变,而在缺陷层处以及之后的电场强度都明显增强,这不同于常规光子晶体的电场分布仅在缺陷层处局域增强.     

Indication of reactor ν(e) disappearance in the Double Chooz experiment

The Double Chooz experiment presents an indication of reactor electron antineutrino disappearance consistent with neutrino oscillations. An observed-to-predicted ratio of events of 0.944±0.016(stat)±0.040(syst) was obtained in 101 days of running at the Chooz nuclear power plant in France, with two 4.25 GW(th) reactors. The results were obtained from a single 10 m(3) fiducial volume detector located 1050 m from the two reactor cores. The reactor antineutrino flux prediction used the Bugey4 flux measurement after correction for differences in core composition. The deficit can be interpreted as an indication of a nonzero value of the still unmeasured neutrino mixing parameter sin(2)2θ(13). Analyzing both the rate of the prompt positrons and their energy spectrum, we find sin(2)2θ(13)=0.086±0.041(stat)±0.030(syst), or, at 90% C.L., 0.017相似文献   

Redox mediation enabled by immobilised centres in the pores of a metal-organic framework grown by liquid phase epitaxy

A layer of a metal-organic framework (SURMOF) was prepared on a thiol monolayer on Au. Charge transport across the insulating membrane could be established by using ferrocene as an immobilised redox mediator. Reversibility of the immobilisation and its role in the electrode kinetics are discussed.     

Monte Carlo模拟研究抗体-抗原复合物生长的标度行为

通过Monte Carlo模拟方法对抗体-抗原复合物在等活性和非等活性条件下生长的标度行为进行了研究. 模拟所用算法的有效性通过在等活性条件下的模拟结果与解析结果之间的一致性得以证明. 在模拟中, 主要考察了抗体-抗原复合物的数量分布函数、重均聚合度以及特征关联长度在临界点附近的标度行为, 给出相应的标度指数, 并以其检验溶胶-凝胶相变的广义标度律. 研究结果表明, 非等活性对抗体-抗原复合物的生长具有显著影响, 可为临床免疫分析提供相应的理论线索.     

二茚基稀土胺化物催化丙烯腈聚合

用二茚基稀土胺化物Ind2LnN(i-Pr)2(Ln=Y,Yb)作为单组分催化剂催化丙烯腈聚合,研究了催化剂用量、单体浓度及聚合温度对标题化合物的催化活性和所得聚丙烯腈的分子量的影响。提高聚合发应温度可明显提高催化活性,当聚合温度达50℃,单体浓度为5.1mol     

A Study of the Probe Effect on the Apparent Image of Biological Atomic Force Microscopy

The atomic force microscopy (AFM) possesses high spatial resolution and it is compatible with liquid environments. AFM can provide possibility to study a wide range of biological problems at the molecular level and acquire topological information at nanometre resolution under physiological conditions1,2. However, a major problem for image reconstruction of biological specimens is that structures of most biological molecules are very soft and delicate, which could be easily deformed and dama…     

非线性Af—Bg型自由基交替共聚反应的固化理论

利用高分子反应统计理论,给出了非线性Ａｆ－Ｂｇ型自由基交替共聚反应的溶胶－凝胶分配方程和反应体系的凝凝胶化条件,这些结果是进一步研究与凝胶网络性能相关的网络结构参数的基础。