Single-cluster Monte Carlo dynamics for the Ising model

We present an extensive study of a new Monte Carlo acceleration algorithm introduced by Wolff for the Ising model. It differs from the Swendsen-Wang algorithm by growing and flipping single clusters at a random seed. In general, it is more efficient than Swendsen-Wang dynamics ford>2, giving zero critical slowing down in the upper critical dimension. Monte Carlo simulations give dynamical critical exponentsz _w=0.33±0.05 and 0.44+0.10 ind=2 and 3, respectively, and numbers consistent withz _w=0 ind=4 and mean-field theory. We present scaling arguments which indicate that the Wolff mechanism for decorrelation differs substantially from Swendsen-Wang despite the apparent similarities of the two methods.     

Properties of melt-grown single crystals of “YB68”

Single crystals of yttrium boride YB_n with n = 61 ± 3 were grown from the melt. Precision density and lattice parameter measurements indicate a congruent melting point at n = 61.7 and a stoichiometric composition at n = 68. Measurements of elastic constants, acoustic attenuation, electrical resistivity and optical absorption are presented. High resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals a complex crystal structure similar to that found by using X-rays. A comparison of the properties of YB_n with those of β-boron show that there are many similarities.     

Measurement of the electric form factor of the neutron at Q2=0.5 and 1.0 GeV2/c2

The electric form factor of the neutron was determined from measurements of the d-->(e-->,e'n)p reaction for quasielastic kinematics. Polarized electrons were scattered off a polarized deuterated ammonia (15ND3) target in which the deuteron polarization was perpendicular to the momentum transfer. The scattered electrons were detected in a magnetic spectrometer in coincidence with neutrons in a large solid angle detector. We find G(n)(E)=0.0526+/-0.0033(stat)+/-0.0026(sys) and 0.0454+/-0.0054+/-0.0037 at Q(2)=0.5 and 1.0 (GeV/c)(2), respectively.     

Cyclic modular beta-sheets

The development of peptide beta-hairpins is problematic, because folding depends on the amino acid sequence and changes to the sequence can significantly decrease folding. Robust beta-hairpins that can tolerate such changes are attractive tools for studying interactions involving protein beta-sheets and developing inhibitors of these interactions. This paper introduces a new class of peptide models of protein beta-sheets that addresses the problem of separating folding from the sequence. These model beta-sheets are macrocyclic peptides that fold in water to present a pentapeptide beta-strand along one edge; the other edge contains the tripeptide beta-strand mimic Hao [JACS 2000, 122, 7654] and two additional amino acids. The pentapeptide and Hao-containing peptide strands are connected by two delta-linked ornithine (deltaOrn) turns [JACS 2003, 125, 876]. Each deltaOrn turn contains a free alpha-amino group that permits the linking of individual modules to form divalent beta-sheets. These "cyclic modular beta-sheets" are synthesized by standard solid-phase peptide synthesis of a linear precursor followed by solution-phase cyclization. Eight cyclic modular beta-sheets 1a-1h containing sequences based on beta-amyloid and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR. Linked cyclic modular beta-sheet 2, which contains two modules of 1b, was also synthesized and characterized. 1H NMR studies show downfield alpha-proton chemical shifts, deltaOrn delta-proton magnetic anisotropy, and NOE cross-peaks that establish all compounds but 1c and 1g to be moderately or well folded into a conformation that resembles a beta-sheet. Pulsed-field gradient NMR diffusion experiments show little or no self-association at low (相似文献   

On the Molecularity of Bilirubins and their Esters and Anions in Chloroform Solution

 Bilirubins with propionic acids at C-8 and C-12 engage in intramolecular hydrogen bonding and are thought to be monomeric in solution, although the latter is unproven. In contrast, their dimethyl esters and etiobilirubin analogs (with the C-8 and C-12 propionic acids replaced by alkyl residues) favor intermolecular hydrogen bonding and are thought to be dimeric in nonpolar solvents. There is little information on the molecularity of the bilirubin dianion in solution. In this work, vapor pressure osmometry studies of chloroform solutions of bilirubins, their dimethyl esters, and etio-analogs clearly indicate that the diacids and dianions are monomeric, whereas the diesters and dialkyls are dimeric. However, the presence of a C-10 gem-dimethyl group causes the ester and the etiobilirubin to become monomeric.     

Search with the ATLAS detector for new physics with significant missing transverse energy and two isolated leptons

Results of searches for supersymmetry in events with significant missing transverse energy and two isolated leptons with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC are presented. Three analyses are presented here, the first two are analyses with leptons of opposite charge and same charge, respectively. The third one is an analysis that searches for an excess of same-flavour opposite-charge lepton pairs over those of different-flavour. Data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1 fb^?1 are analysed.     

Probability Density Function of the Output Current of Cascaded Multiplexer/Demultiplexers in Transparent Optical Networks

The influence of the concatenation of arbitrary optical multiplexers/demultiplexers (MUX/DEMUXs) on the probability density function (PDF) of the output current of a transparent optical network is assessed. All PDF results obtained analytically are compared with estimates from Monte Carlo simulation and an excellent agreement is achieved.

The non-Gaussian behavior of the PDFs, previously reported by other authors for square-law detectors, is significantly enhanced with the number of nodes increase due to the noise accumulation along the cascade of MUX/DEMUXs. The increase of the MUX/DEMUXs bandwidth and detuning also enhances the PDFs non-Gaussian behavior. The PDF shape variation with the detuning depends strongly on the number of nodes.

Explanations for the Gaussian approximation (GA) accuracy on the assessment of the performance of a concatenation of optical MUX/DEMUXs are also provided. For infinite extinction ratio and tuned MUX/DEMUXs, the GA error probabilities are, in general, pessimistic, due to the inaccurate estimation of the error probability for both bits. For low extinction ratio, the GA is very accurate due to a balance between the error probabilities estimated for the bits “1” and “0.” With the detuning increase, the GA estimates can become optimistic.     

Nearly isotropic propagation of spatially discretized waves

The effect of spatial discretization on the isotropy of propagating waves is investigated. A general criterion is given for minimizing the numerical anisotropy and dispersion caused by spatial discretization, and specific discretizations in two and three space dimensions are derived which give, in a well-defined sense, optimally isotropic propagation. We establish the group-theoretic connection between the properties of the spatial discretization and the symmetries of the underlying computational grid. The discretization technique, described here in the context of the scalar wave equation, may also be applied to other partial differential equations containing the Laplacian or gradient operators.     

Hadron scattering in two-dimensional QCD: (I). Formalism and leading order calculations

Two-dimensional quantum chromodynamics in the 1/N_c expansion is explored as a model for hadronic interactions. In meson-meson scattering, order 1/N_c terms exhibit embryonic “Regge” behaviour, with the crossed channel factorization, signature and exchange degeneracy properties found in dual Regge models. “Regge” intercepts are additive in the quark quantum numbers exchanged, and have a lower limit for large quark masses. Residues also factorize in the direct channel. An analogue for fixed angle scattering is presented which has deviations from dimensional counting rules related to form factors and Regge intercepts.