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61.
Mietus WG Matar OK Seevaratnam G Wong A Briscoe BJ Lawrence CJ 《Physical review letters》2001,86(7):1211-1214
We describe the direct observation of deforming water drops in oil undergoing shear flow in a horizontal annular Couette cell. The drops assume a wide variety of highly reproducible structures depending on drop size, rotation speed, and flow history. These structures include toroidal rings of water around the rotating shaft and water sheaths, which, depending on experimental conditions, can either expand to press against the inner walls of the outer stationary cylinder or contract to hug the outside of the rotating shaft. 相似文献
62.
Thompson R Dytman S Kim KY Mueller J Adams GS Amaryan MJ Anciant E Anghinolfi M Asavapibhop B Auger T Audit G Avakian H Barrow S Battaglieri M Beard K Bektasoglu M Bertozzi W Bianchi N Biselli A Boiarinov S Bonner BE Briscoe WJ Brooks W Burkert VD Calarco JR Capitani G Carman DS Carnahan B Cole PL Coleman A Connelly J Cords D Corvisiero P Crabb D Crannell H Cummings J Day D Degtyarenko PV Demirchyan RA Dennis LC Deppman A De Sanctis E De Vita R Dhuga KS Djalali C Dodge GE Doughty D 《Physical review letters》2001,86(9):1702-1706
New cross sections for the reaction e p-->e p eta are reported for total center of mass energy W = 1.5--1.86 GeV and invariant momentum transfer Q2 = 0.25--1.5 (GeV/c)(2). This large kinematic range allows extraction of important new information about response functions, photocouplings, and eta N coupling strengths of baryon resonances. Newly observed structure at W approximately 1.65 GeV is shown to come from interference between S and P waves and can be interpreted with known resonances. Improved values are derived for the photon coupling amplitude for the S11(1535) resonance. 相似文献
63.
Prakhov S Tippens WB Allgower C Bekrenev V Berger E Briscoe WJ Clajus M Comfort JR Craig K Grosnick D Huber GM Isenhower D Knecht N Koetke D Koulbardis A Kozlenko N Kruglov S Kycia T Lolos GJ Lopatin I Manley DM Marusic A Manweiler R McDonald S Nefkens BM Olmsted J 《Physical review letters》2000,84(21):4802-4805
We report the first determination of the upper limit for the branching ratio of the CP forbidden decay eta-->4pi(0). No events were observed in a sample of 3.0x10(7) eta decays. The experiment was performed with the Crystal Ball multiphoton spectrometer installed in a separated pi(-) beam at the AGS (Alternating Gradient Synchrotron). At the 90% confidence limit, B(eta-->4pi(0))=6. 9x10(-7). 相似文献
64.
Nichole Cates Miller Roman Gysel Chad E. Miller Eric Verploegen Zach Beiley Martin Heeney Iain McCulloch Zhenan Bao Michael F. Toney Michael D. McGehee 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2011,49(7):499-503
Polymer:fullerene blends have been widely studied as an inexpensive alternative to traditional silicon solar cells. Some polymer:fullerene blends, such as blends of poly(2,5‐bis(3‐tetradecylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (pBTTT) with phenyl‐c71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM), form bimolecular crystals due to fullerene intercalation between the polymer side chains. Here we present the determination of the eutectic pBTTT:PC71BM phase diagram using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and two‐dimensional grazing incidence X‐ray scattering (2D GIXS) with in‐situ thermal annealing. The phase diagram explains why the most efficient pBTTT:PC71BM solar cells have 75–80 wt % PC71BM since these blends lie in the center of the only room‐temperature phase region containing both electron‐conducting (PC71BM) and hole‐conducting (bimolecular crystal) phases. We show that intercalation can be suppressed in 50:50 pBTTT:PC71BM blends by using rapid thermal annealing to heat the blends above the eutectic temperature, which forces PC71BM out of the bimolecular crystal, followed by quick cooling to kinetically trap the pure PC71BM phase. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011 相似文献
65.
66.
Solar panels and bio‐optical sensors play a significant and growing role in a number of applications that are of importance to many organizations. Many of these instruments require a high transmission of radiation into the device for it to work properly. A major issue faced is that harsh marine environments often aid in the growth or development of fouling on the coverglass used to protect the instruments. Over a period of time in an ocean environment, some plant or animal may attach itself to the coverglass, ultimately obscuring the glass and rendering the instrument useless. As such, an antifouling mechanism is needed for these instruments that is inexpensive, long‐lasting, and environment friendly. The approach discussed herein involves the use of known antifouling chemicals which have been incorporated into the polymer matrix. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), bisphenol A polycarbonate (Bis A PC), and a co‐polyterephthalate (CPTE) were examined. The plaques are optically transparent and previous work has shown that, for most samples, the materials display a minimal decrease in mechanical behavior upon the addition of the algaecides. This paper will discuss the effects on the materials' optical properties when exposed to both harsh marine conditions as well as high intensity UV light. Specifically, the decrease in transmission of visible light was examined over a 6 month period of time. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
67.
Banholzer MJ Li S Ketter JB Rozkiewicz DI Schatz GC Mirkin CA 《The journal of physical chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and interfaces》2008,112(40):15729-15734
We have developed a method to smooth the end sections of nanowires and nanograps generated via the On-Wire Lithography process and studied these rods with optical spectroscopies and theoretical modeling (Discrete Dipole Approximation). The first step of the smoothing process is a reductive one aimed at controlling the diffusion and migration of metal ions to the growing nanorod surface by adjusting the applied potential and concentration of the metal ions in the growth solution. A second oxidative smoothing step, based in part on the energetic differences between topologically rough and smooth surfaces, is used to further smooth the nanorod. The RMS roughness can be reduced over five fold to approximately 5 nm. The properties of these smoothed rods were investigated by empirical and theoretical methods, where it was found the smoothed rods have sharper plasmon resonances and decreased SERS intensity. 相似文献
68.
69.
Adel F. Halasa Chad Jusinas Wen-Liang Hsu David J. Zanzig 《European Polymer Journal》2010,46(10):2013-2018
The present work is to the syntheses and characterization of random, low vinyl copolymers containing styrene and isoprene (SIR’s). The content of these SIR’s ranged from 10% styrene/90% isoprene to 60% styrene/40% isoprene, and all were soluble in hexane solvent. The anionic polymerization of these SIR’s was initiated by a catalyst system of various sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) to n-butyllithium (n-BuLi) ratios. The SDBS allowed for styrene to become randomly incorporated onto the polyisoprene chain without any increase in the 3,4-unit of the isoprene. The glass transition temperature of the resulting polymers could be controlled by the styrene content and microstructure (blocky versus random) in the polymer chain. Kinetic data confirmed that styrene and isoprene have similar reaction kinetics. NMR and ozonolysis confirmed that random, low vinyl SIR’s were indeed being synthesized. The unique features of this system are that it does not metallate the polymers as was seen in the previous publication using the sodium and potassium alkoxides. Molecular weight differences due to SDBS are discussed. Finally, rubber process analyzer (RPA) results were presented for various styrenes content SIR’s. 相似文献
70.
Thomas J. Payne Chad R. Thurman Hao Yu Qian Sun Dillip K. Mohanty Philip J. Squattrito Mark‐Robin Giolando Christopher R. Brue Kristin Kirschbaum 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2010,66(7):o369-o373
N,N′‐Diethyl‐4‐nitrobenzene‐1,3‐diamine, C10H15N3O2, (I), crystallizes with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit, both of which are nearly planar. The molecules differ in the conformation of the ethylamine group trans to the nitro group. Both molecules contain intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds between the adjacent amine and nitro groups and are linked into one‐dimensional chains by intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds. The chains are organized in layers parallel to (101) with separations of ca 3.4 Å between adjacent sheets. The packing is quite different from what was observed in isomeric 1,3‐bis(ethylamino)‐2‐nitrobenzene. 2,6‐Bis(ethylamino)‐3‐nitrobenzonitrile, C11H14N4O2, (II), differs from (I) only in the presence of the nitrile functionality between the two ethylamine groups. Compound (II) crystallizes with one unique molecule in the asymmetric unit. In contrast with (I), one of the ethylamine groups, which is disordered over two sites with occupancies of 0.75 and 0.25, is positioned so that the methyl group is directed out of the plane of the ring by approximately 85°. This ethylamine group forms an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond with the adjacent nitro group. The packing in (II) is very different from that in (I). Molecules of (II) are linked by both intermolecular amine–nitro N—H...O and amine–nitrile N—H...N hydrogen bonds into a two‐dimensional network in the (10) plane. Alternating molecules are approximately orthogonal to one another, indicating that π–π interactions are not a significant factor in the packing. Bis(4‐ethylamino‐3‐nitrophenyl) sulfone, C16H18N4O6S, (III), contains the same ortho nitro/ethylamine pairing as in (I), with the position para to the nitro group occupied by the sulfone instead of a second ethylamine group. Each 4‐ethylamino‐3‐nitrobenzene moiety is nearly planar and contains the typical intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond. Due to the tetrahedral geometry about the S atom, the molecules of (III) adopt an overall V shape. There are no intermolecular amine–nitro hydrogen bonds. Rather, each amine H atom has a long (H...O ca 2.8 Å) interaction with one of the sulfone O atoms. Molecules of (III) are thus linked by amine–sulfone N—H...O hydrogen bonds into zigzag double chains running along [001]. Taken together, these structures demonstrate that small changes in the functionalization of ethylamine–nitroarenes cause significant differences in the intermolecular interactions and packing. 相似文献